十大翻譯技巧
要想成為一名職業(yè)翻譯，要使譯文顯得比較流暢和專業(yè)，就必須懂得翻譯技巧，下面小編就給大家?guī)?lái)十大翻譯技巧，謝謝您的閱讀，祝您閱讀愉快。
一、同義反譯法
1. Only three customers remained in the bar.
酒吧間只有三個(gè)顧客還沒(méi)有走。
(不譯：“還留著”或“還呆在那里”)
2. I'll be here for good this time.
這一次我再也不走了。
(不譯：“永遠(yuǎn)在此呆下去”)
3. Please keep the fire burning when I'm out.
我不在家的時(shí)候，別讓爐子滅了。
(不譯：“我外出時(shí)，請(qǐng)讓爐子繼續(xù)燒著”)
4. "Wait, he is serious."
等等，他不是說(shuō)著玩兒的。
(不譯：”等等，他是認(rèn)真的。“)
5. "Now, Clara, be firm with the boy!"
聽(tīng)我說(shuō)，克拉拉，對(duì)這孩子可不能心軟。
(不譯：”......對(duì)這孩子要堅(jiān)定“)
二、刪減解釋詞
The traveller in the south must often have remarked that peculiar air of refinement, that softness of voice and manner, which seems in many cases to be a particular gift to the quotation and mulatto women.
到南方去的人看見(jiàn)那些黑白混血的女郎，一定會(huì)注意到她們十之八九都有那種獨(dú)特的優(yōu)雅風(fēng)度、那種溫柔的聲音和文靜的舉止。
三、 短句拆譯
" ...on one sunshiny morning in June , ..."
在六月里的一天早上，天氣晴朗......
四、譯詞推陳出新
When he might well have acted with boldness, he found himself filled with doubts, scruples and equivocality, in addition to the ordinary fears of a lower.
原譯：當(dāng)他可以大膽行動(dòng)的時(shí)候，他發(fā)現(xiàn)自己除了一個(gè)情人所具有的那種普通的害怕之外，心里還充滿懷疑、顧慮和躊躇。
改譯：等到他不妨放膽去追求的時(shí)候，他卻遲疑不定，顧慮重重。至于一般墮入情網(wǎng)的人那種常有的提心吊膽的心理，那就更是難免的了。
五、解釋性添詞
"George, I'm ashamed of you! George, I couldn't have believed you would have done it! I always knew you to be a rolling stone that gathered no moss; but I never thought you would have taken away what little moss there was for Bagnet and the children to lie upon," said Mrs. Bagnet.
”喬治，我真替你害臊﹗喬治，想不到你會(huì)干出這種事情來(lái)﹗俗話說(shuō)得好：滾著的碌碡不長(zhǎng)苔，流浪的漢子不攢財(cái)。我早知道你就是這么一個(gè)流浪漢﹗可真沒(méi)有想到你連貝格納特和孩子們靠它過(guò)活的那一點(diǎn)點(diǎn)財(cái)也騙走“，貝格納特太太說(shuō)道。
六、詞無(wú)定譯
It is quite useless to ask whether Vanderbilt was criminally prosecuted or civilly sued by the Government. Not only was he unmolested, but two years later, he carried on another huge swindle upon the Government under peculiary heinous conditi.
我們根本不必追問(wèn)政府是否根據(jù)刑法或民法對(duì)范德比爾特提出起訴。范德比爾特不僅逍遙法外，而且在兩年后又以極其兇狠的手段對(duì)政府進(jìn)行過(guò)一次巨大的詐騙。
七、精煉譯詞
A new dignity crept into his walk.
原譯：走路的姿態(tài)不知甚么時(shí)候開(kāi)始給人一種莊重的印象。
改譯：走起路來(lái)，不覺(jué)平添了幾分尊嚴(yán)。
八、 刪削"When"字
1. When he saw me, he was startled.
他看見(jiàn)我，嚇了一大跳。
(不譯：當(dāng)他看見(jiàn)我的時(shí)候......)
2. "When your gals takes on and cry, what's the use of cracking on them over the head, and knocking on them round?"
“你那些女黑奴哭得那么傷心，你還拿鞭子沒(méi)頭沒(méi)腦的抽，把她們打得死去活來(lái)，那有什么用呢?”
(不譯：當(dāng)你那些女黑奴哭得那么傷心的時(shí)候，你還拿鞭子......)
九、感嘆詞的不同譯法
1. "O, don't mother! I should like the flowers; do give them to me; I want them!"
"Why, Eva, your room is full now."
“媽媽，別這樣﹗我喜歡這些花，把花給我吧，我要﹗ ”
“得了吧，伊娃，你屋里的花都滿了。”
2. "Well, that's odd!" said Marie. "What in the world do you want that for?"
“喲，真是怪事﹗”瑪利說(shuō)，“你干嘛非要這個(gè)不可?”
十、順拆法
His delegation agreed with the Executive Director/ that the fund should continue working/ for a better understanding of the interrelatihip between economic, social and demographic factors.
原譯：他的代表團(tuán)同意執(zhí)行主任關(guān)于該基金會(huì)應(yīng)繼續(xù)為更好地了解經(jīng)濟(jì)、社會(huì)和人口的相互關(guān)系而努力的意見(jiàn)。
改譯：他的代表團(tuán)同意執(zhí)行主任的意見(jiàn)，認(rèn)為該基金會(huì)應(yīng)繼續(xù)努力， 以求更好地了解經(jīng)濟(jì)、社會(huì)和人口這三方面的相互關(guān)系。
定語(yǔ)從句的翻譯技巧：
簡(jiǎn)單定語(yǔ)從句的翻譯技巧
所謂簡(jiǎn)單的定語(yǔ)從句，是指一個(gè)句子只含一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句的結(jié)構(gòu)。這類定語(yǔ)從句，不論是限制性的還是非限制笥的，在結(jié)構(gòu)上與先行詞的關(guān)系比較簡(jiǎn)單，翻譯時(shí)多譯成定語(yǔ)，也可譯成并列句、狀語(yǔ)從句或獨(dú)立句等；這種定語(yǔ)從句還可譯成句子成分，即和先行詞放在一起翻譯，它有如下幾種情況：
1．譯成主句把先行詞譯成定語(yǔ)，而把定語(yǔ)從句譯成主句：
In the northern Balkans where the Bulgars were a constant threat to the empire, Basil Ii won such a crushing victory in 1014 that he was known thereafter as Bulgaroktouns, or the Bulgar-Slayer.
巴爾干半島北部的保加利亞人，一直是帝國(guó)的威脅，1014年，巴西耳二世在巴爾干半島北部取得決定性勝利，從此被稱為屠殺保加利亞人的劊子手。
2． 譯成謂語(yǔ) 把先行詞或主句譯成主語(yǔ)，把定語(yǔ)從句譯成謂語(yǔ)或動(dòng)賓結(jié)構(gòu)：
In the East the Persians, who had been bribed into peace during Justinians reign, now set out under their ambitious king of kings, Chosroes II, to eliminate altogether the East Roman Empire.
在東部，查士丁尼統(tǒng)治時(shí)期，波斯人因曾與拜占廷媾和；現(xiàn)在，他們?cè)谝靶牟拇蠡实劭扑沽_埃斯二世的率領(lǐng)下，開(kāi)始全面消滅東羅馬帝國(guó)。（謂語(yǔ)）
復(fù)雜定語(yǔ)從句的翻譯技巧
一主二仆式定語(yǔ)從句是指一個(gè)先行詞帶有兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上定語(yǔ)從句的情況。該結(jié)構(gòu)中的定語(yǔ)從句比較規(guī)范，均修飾一個(gè)先行詞，在翻譯時(shí)，雖然也遵循一般定語(yǔ)從句的翻譯技巧和方法，但還有其獨(dú)特的地方。歸納起來(lái)，有如下幾種情況：
1）譯成定語(yǔ) 可以把兩個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句譯成并列的定語(yǔ)，也可譯成分開(kāi)的定語(yǔ)修飾先地詞，或分別修飾重復(fù)的先行詞。
and the old ways of earning a living rivalled by new agricultural techniques, by commerce with hitherto unknown parts of the globe, and by new crafts with strane machines that saved labor and that ran without the traditional human or animal power
古老的謀生之道正受到新的農(nóng)業(yè)技術(shù)、新的貿(mào)易、新的行業(yè)的挑戰(zhàn)；這種新貿(mào)易是與世界上一向無(wú)人知曉的地區(qū)進(jìn)行的貿(mào)易，而種種新行業(yè)則是使用一些無(wú)需傳統(tǒng)的人力畜力驅(qū)動(dòng)、可節(jié)省勞動(dòng)力的奇特機(jī)遇。（并列的定語(yǔ)）
Almost everything which really matters and which the world possessed at the commencement of the modern age was already known to man at the dawn of history.
近代史開(kāi)始時(shí)，世界擁有的每一項(xiàng)重大成就，已為歷史發(fā)端期的人們所知曉。（分開(kāi)的定語(yǔ)）
And it helps to explain why so many inventions that were of Chinese origin or that had been known to the Greco-Romans, were fully developed and exploited ony by the Western Europeans.
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