高中英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法重點(diǎn)回顧
高中英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法重點(diǎn)難點(diǎn)回顧之一
1.little,no,some, 等修飾。
2.先行詞被 the only, the very, the same, the last 修飾時(shí)。
Ex:He is the only person that I want to talk to.
3.先行詞既有人又有物時(shí)。
Ex:They talked of things and persons that they remembered in the school.
4.先行詞是表示地點(diǎn)時(shí),要根據(jù)從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是及物的還是不及物的。如果是及物的就用that(which),否則用where。
Ex:This is the house where he lived last year.
Ex:This is the house that (which) he visited last year.
5.用no sooner…than和hardly…when引導(dǎo)的從句表示“剛……就……”。主句中的動(dòng)詞一般用過(guò)去完成時(shí),從句用過(guò)去時(shí);而且主句一般倒裝,把助動(dòng)詞had提到前面。
Ex：Hardly had I entered the room when I heard a loud noise.
6.代詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí),主謂語(yǔ)序不變。
Ex:Here it is. Here he comes.
7.當(dāng)句首狀語(yǔ)為表示地點(diǎn)的介詞詞組時(shí)也常常引起全部倒裝。
Ex:South of the city lies a big steel factory.
Ex:From the valley came a frightening sound.
8.表語(yǔ)置于句首時(shí),倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)為“表語(yǔ)+連系動(dòng)詞+主語(yǔ)”。
Ex:Present at the meeting were Professor White,Professor Smith and many other guests.
Ex:Gone are the days when they could do what they liked to the Chinese people.
Ex:Among the goods are Christmas trees, flowers, candles and toys.
Ex:He has been to Beijing. So have I.
Ex:Li Wei can’t answer the question. Neither can I.
9.用于省略if的虛擬條件狀語(yǔ)從句。
Ex:Had you reviewed your lessons,you might have passed the examination.
10.用于“形容詞(或名詞、動(dòng)詞)+as(though)引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語(yǔ)從句中。
Ex:Pretty as she is ,she is not clever.
Ex:Try as he would, he might fail again.
11.如果從句的表語(yǔ)是名詞,其名詞前不加任何冠詞。
Ex:Child as he was, he had to make a living.
12.用于no sooner…than…,hardly…when和not until的`句型中。
Ex:Not until the teacher came did he finish his homework.
13.用于never,hardly,seldom,scarcely, barely, little,often,at no time,not only,not once等詞開(kāi)頭的句子。
Ex:Never shall I do this again.
Ex:Little did he know who the woman was.
14.用于以only開(kāi)頭的句子(only修飾副詞,介詞短語(yǔ)或狀語(yǔ)從句時(shí))。
Ex:Only this afternoon did I finish the novel.
Only in this way can you master English.
Only when he told me did I realize what trouble he was in.
15.如果only后面的詞組不是狀語(yǔ),則不用倒裝。
Ex:Only Wang Ling knows this.
16.用于某些表示祝愿的句子。
Ex:May you succeed!祝你成功!
高中英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法重點(diǎn)難點(diǎn)回顧之二
1.作advice,idea,order,demand,plan,proposal,suggestion,request等名詞的表語(yǔ)從句和同位語(yǔ)從句,其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用虛擬語(yǔ)氣的結(jié)構(gòu)“(should)＋動(dòng)詞原形”。
Ex:We all agreed to his suggestion that we(should) go to Beijing for sightseeing.
Ex:My idea is that we (should) do exercises first.
2.在feel, hear, notice, observe, see, watch, have, let, make等詞后的補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)中,不定式不帶to。但是這些句子如果變成被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí),就必須帶to。
Ex：I often hear him sing the song.
Ex:He is often heard to sing the song.
注意：不定式動(dòng)詞在介詞but, except, besides后面時(shí),如果這些介詞之前有行為動(dòng)詞do的各種形式,那么,這些介詞后的不定式不帶to,否則要帶to.如：
She could do nothing but cry.
What do you like to do besides swim?
I have no choice but to go.
作定語(yǔ)的不定式如果是不及物動(dòng)詞,或者不定式所修飾的名詞或代詞是不定式動(dòng)作的地點(diǎn)、工具等,不定式后面須有相應(yīng)的介詞。例如：He is looking for a room to live in.
There is nothing to worry about.
Please give me a knife to cut with.
There / It is no use/ good/ not any use/ good/ useless doing sth.
3.動(dòng)詞后可以用動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ),但不能用不定式:
admit,appreciate, avoid, consider, delay, enjoy, escape, excuse, feel like, finish, forgive, give up, imagine, include, keep, mention,mind,miss,practise, put off, resist, risk, suggest, can’t help, can’t stand(無(wú)法忍受)等。
Ex:I tried not to go there.(我設(shè)法不去那里。)
Ex:I tried doing it again.(我試著又干了一次。)]
4.mean to do 有意... mean doing意味著...
Ex:I mean to come early today.(我打算今天早些來(lái)。)
Ex:Missing the train means waiting for another hour. (誤了這趟火車(chē)意味著再等一個(gè)小時(shí)。)
5.allow, advise, forbid, permit
Ex:We don’t allow smoking here.
Ex:We don’t allow students to smoke.
6.動(dòng)詞need,require,want作“需要”解,其后跟動(dòng)詞作它的賓語(yǔ)時(shí),若表示的含義是被動(dòng)的,必須用動(dòng)名詞,或不定式的被動(dòng)式。
Ex:The window needs(requires, wants)cleaning(to be cleaned).
7.在短語(yǔ)devote to, look forward to, pay attention to, stick to, be used to, object to,thank you for, excuse me for 等后的'動(dòng)詞也必須用動(dòng)名詞形式：
Ex:I look forward to hearing from you soon.
8.下面句中過(guò)去分詞表示的時(shí)間與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞所表示的時(shí)間相同，所以不能代之以強(qiáng)調(diào)先于謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在分詞完成被動(dòng)式。
Ex:Covered with confusion, I left the room.我很窘地離開(kāi)了房間。
Ex:United, we stand; divided, we fall. 團(tuán)結(jié)則存，分裂則亡。
Ex:He used to live in London, use(d)n’t he /didn’t he?
Ex:Ex:There used to be a cinema here before the war, use(d)n’t there /didn’t there?
Ex:Such things ought not to be allowed, ought they?
Ex:He ought to be punished, oughtn’t he?
但在正式文體中,用ought we not形式。
Ex:We ought to go, ought we not? / We ought to go ,should we not?
9.含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞must的句子表示推則,作“想必”解時(shí),疑問(wèn)部分不可用mustn’t。
(1)若前句強(qiáng)調(diào)對(duì)現(xiàn)在情況的推測(cè),疑問(wèn)部分用aren’t(isn’t)十主語(yǔ),例如：You must be tired,aren’t you?若陳述部分的must表示“有必要”時(shí),附加疑問(wèn)句部分則用needn’t。例如：You must go home right now, needn’t you?
當(dāng)mustn’t 表示禁止時(shí),附加疑問(wèn)部分一般用must。
Ex:You mustn’t walk on grass, must you?
(2)前句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是must have＋過(guò)去分詞時(shí),若前句強(qiáng)調(diào)對(duì)過(guò)去情況的推測(cè)(一般有過(guò)去時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)),疑問(wèn)部分的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用didn’t＋主語(yǔ);若前句強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的完成,疑問(wèn)部分的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用haven’t(hasn’t)＋主語(yǔ)。
Ex:He must have met her yesterday, didn’t he?
Ex:You must have seen the film, haven’t you?
(3)陳述句謂語(yǔ)部分出現(xiàn)否定詞綴時(shí)(前綴或后綴),疑問(wèn)部分仍用否定結(jié)構(gòu)。
Ex:He is unfit for his office, isn’t he?
(4)如果陳述部分包含有no, never, hardly, seldom, few, little,nowhere, nothing等否定或半否定詞時(shí),疑問(wèn)部分用肯定形式。
Ex:He is hardly 14 years old,is he?
(5)如果陳述部分的主語(yǔ)為everyone,someone,no one等不定代詞,其疑問(wèn)部分的主語(yǔ)可用he,也可用they。
Ex:Everyone knows his job, doesn’t he?
Ex:Everyone knows their job,don’t they?
Ex:No one was hurt,were they?
Ex:I’m late, aren’t I?
Ex:One can’t be too careful,can one(you)?
Ex:Have a cup of tea, will you?
Ex:Let’s go there,shall we? Let us go there,will you?
高中英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法重點(diǎn)難點(diǎn)回顧之三
1.主謂一致常考難題：
Five minutes is enough to do this exercise．
Each boy and each girl wants to serve the people in future．
More than one student has seen the film.
Many a ship has been damaged in the storm.
More members than one are against your plan.
2.一些有兩個(gè)部分構(gòu)成的名詞表示衣物或工具作主語(yǔ)時(shí), 謂語(yǔ)通常用復(fù)數(shù)形式：glasses, clothes, trousers, shoes, compasses, chopsticks, scissors等。但如果主語(yǔ)用a kind of , a pair of , a series of等加名詞構(gòu)成時(shí), 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞一般用單數(shù)形式。A pair of shoes was on the desk．
3.并列主語(yǔ)如果指的是同一個(gè)人、同一事物或同一概念時(shí), 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式, 這時(shí)and后面的名詞沒(méi)有冠詞。例如:
Truth and honesty is the best policy．
The girl’s teacher and friend is a young doctor．
To love and to be loved is the great happiness.
Going to bed early and getting up early is a good habit.
A knife and fork is on the table.
4.當(dāng)主語(yǔ)后面跟有as well as, as much as , no less than, along with, with, like, rather than, together with, but, except, besides, including, in addition to等引導(dǎo)的詞組時(shí), 其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單、復(fù)數(shù)按主語(yǔ)的單、復(fù)數(shù)而定。例如:
The teacher as well as the students was excited．
The room with its furniture was rented．
5.A (great) number of修飾可數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)名詞, 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù); a great deal of,a large amount of 修飾不可數(shù)名詞, 其短語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)時(shí), 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。
6.關(guān)系代詞who, that, which等在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)時(shí), 其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的.數(shù)應(yīng)與句中先行詞的數(shù)一致。例如:
Those who want to go please sign your names here．
Some of the energy that is used by man comes from the sun．
7.季節(jié)、月份、星期、節(jié)日、假日、一日三餐、學(xué)科名稱(chēng)，球類(lèi)、棋類(lèi)名詞名稱(chēng)前一般不加冠詞。
1/2 one(a) half 1/4 one(a) quarter
8.形容詞的順序：
系動(dòng)詞be，grow，get，become，feel，appear，prove，seem，look，keep，smell，taste，sound，turn，remain限定詞+數(shù)量形容詞(序數(shù)詞在前，基數(shù)詞在后)+性狀形容詞+大小、長(zhǎng)短、高低等形體+新舊+顏色+國(guó)藉+材料
Those three beautiful large square old brown wood table
某些以a-開(kāi)首的形容詞例如：afraid，alike，alone，asleep，awake, alive 等只能作表語(yǔ),不能作定語(yǔ)。
某些以-ly結(jié)尾的詞是形容詞而不是副詞：friendly，lively， lovely，lonely，likely，deadly，silly，orderly, timely等。
1)close接近地 closely仔細(xì)地，密切地
2)free 免費(fèi)地 freely自由地,無(wú)拘束地
3)hard努力地 hardly幾乎不
4)late 晚，遲 lately 近來(lái)
5)most 極,非常 mostly主要地
6)wide廣闊地，充分地 widely廣泛地
7)high高 highly高度地，非常地
8)deep深，遲 deeply抽象意義的“深”
9)loud大聲地 loudly大聲地(含有喧鬧的意思)
10)near鄰近 nearly幾乎 bad/ill,badly worse worst little less least
高中英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法重點(diǎn)難點(diǎn)回顧之四
高考高頻難詞
1.alter v. 改變,改動(dòng),變更
2.burst vi.n. 突然發(fā)生,爆裂
3.dispose vi. 除掉;處置;解決;處理(of)
4.blast n. 爆炸;氣流 vi. 炸,炸掉
5.consume v. 消耗,耗盡
6.split v. 劈開(kāi);割裂;分裂 a.裂開(kāi)的
7.spit v. 吐(唾液等);唾棄
8.spill v. 溢出,濺出,倒出
9.slip v. 滑動(dòng),滑落;忽略
10.slide v. 滑動(dòng),滑落 n. 滑動(dòng);幻燈片
11.bacteria n. 細(xì)菌
12.breed n. 種,品種 v. 繁殖,產(chǎn)仔
13.budget n. 預(yù)算 v. 編預(yù)算,作安排
14.candidate n. 候選人
15.campus n. 校園
16.liberal a. 慷慨的;豐富的;自由的
17.transform v. 轉(zhuǎn)變,變革;變換
18.transmit v. 傳播,播送;傳遞
19.transplant v. 移植
20.transport vt. 運(yùn)輸 n. 運(yùn)輸,運(yùn)輸工具
21.shift v. 轉(zhuǎn)移;轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng);轉(zhuǎn)變
22.vary v. 變化,改變;使多樣化
23.vanish vi. 消滅,不見(jiàn)
24.swallow v. 吞下,咽下 n. 燕子
25.suspicion n. 懷疑,疑心
26.suspicious a. 懷疑的,可疑的
27.mild a. 溫暖的,暖和的;溫柔的,味淡的
28.tender a. 溫柔的;脆弱的
29.nuisance n. 妨害,討厭(的人或事物)
30.insignificant a. 無(wú)意義的,無(wú)足輕重的
31.accelerate vt. 加速,促進(jìn)
32.absolute a. 絕對(duì)的,無(wú)條件的;完全的
33.boundary n. 分界線,邊界
34.brake n. 剎車(chē),制動(dòng)器 v. 剎住(車(chē))
35.catalog n. 目錄(冊(cè)) v. 編目
36.vague a. 模糊的,不明確的
37.vain n. 徒勞,白費(fèi)
38.extinct a. 絕滅的,熄滅的
39.extraordinary a. 不平常的,特別的,
40.extreme a. 極度的,極端的 n. 極端,過(guò)分
41.agent n. 代理人,代理商;動(dòng)因,原因
42.alcohol n. 含酒精的飲料,酒精
43.appeal n./vi. 呼吁,懇求
44.appreciate vt. 重視,賞識(shí),欣賞
45.approve v. 贊成,同意,批準(zhǔn)
46.stimulate vt. 刺激,激勵(lì)
47.acquire vt. 取得,獲得;學(xué)到
48.accomplish vt .完成,到達(dá);實(shí)行
49.network n. 網(wǎng)狀物;電視網(wǎng);網(wǎng)絡(luò)
50.tide n. 潮汐;潮流
51.tidy a. 整潔的,整齊的
52.trace vt. 追蹤,找到 n. 痕跡,蹤跡
53.torture n./vt. 拷打,折磨
54.wander vi. 漫游,閑逛
55.wax n. 蠟
56.weave v. 織,編
57.preserve v. 保護(hù),保存,保持,維持
61. abuse v. 濫用,虐待;謾罵
62. academic a. 學(xué)術(shù)的;;研究院的
63. academy n. (高等)專(zhuān)科院校;學(xué)會(huì)
64. battery n. 電池(組)
65. barrier n. 障礙;棚欄
66. cargo n. (船、飛機(jī)等裝載的)貨物
67. career n. 生涯,職業(yè)
68. vessel n. 船舶;容器,器皿;血管
69. vertical a. 垂直的
70. oblige v. 迫使,責(zé)成;使感激
71. obscure a. 陰暗,模糊
72. extent n. 程度,范圍,大小,限度
73. exterior n. 外部,外表 a. 外部的,外表的
74. external a. 外部的,外表的,外面的
75. petrol n. 汽油
76. petroleum n. 石油
77. delay vt./n. 推遲,延誤,耽擱
78. decay vi. 腐爛,腐朽
79. decent a. 像樣的,體面的
80. route n. 路;路線;航線
81. ruin v. 毀壞,破壞 n. 毀滅,[pl.]廢墟
82. sake n. 緣故,理由
83. satellite n. 衛(wèi)星
84. scale n. 大小,規(guī)模;等級(jí);刻度
85. temple n. 廟宇
86. tedious a. 乏味道,單調(diào)的,
87. tend vi.易于,趨向
88. tendency n.趨向,趨勢(shì)
89. ultimate a. 最大的,最終的 n. 極端
90. undergo v. 經(jīng)歷,遭受
91. abundant a. 豐富的,充裕的,大量的
92. adopt v. 收養(yǎng);采用;采納
93. adapt vi. 適應(yīng),改編,改寫(xiě) vt. 使適應(yīng)
94. bachelor n. 學(xué)士,學(xué)士學(xué)位;單身漢
95. casual a. 偶然的,;臨時(shí)的;非正式的
96. trap n. 陷阱,圈套 v. 設(shè)陷阱捕捉
97. vacant a. 空的,未占用的
98. vacuum n. 真空,真空吸塵器
99. oral a. 口頭的,口述的,口的
100. optics n. (單、復(fù)數(shù)同形)光學(xué)
高中英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法-高中英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法講義6
101. organ n. 器官,風(fēng)琴
102. excess n. 過(guò)分,過(guò)量,過(guò)剩
103. expel v. 驅(qū)逐,開(kāi)除,趕出
104. expend v. 消費(fèi)
105. expenditure n. 支出,消費(fèi);經(jīng)費(fèi)
106. expense n. 開(kāi)銷(xiāo),費(fèi)用
107. expensive a. 花錢(qián)多的;價(jià)格高貴的
108. expand v. 擴(kuò)大,擴(kuò)張;展開(kāi),膨脹
109. expansion n. 擴(kuò)大,擴(kuò)充;發(fā)展,膨脹
110. private a. 私人的,個(gè)人的
111. individual a. 個(gè)別的,單獨(dú)的 n. 個(gè)人,個(gè)體
112. personal a. 個(gè)人的,私人的;親自的
114. personnel [總稱(chēng)]人員員工人事部門(mén)
115. the Pacific Ocean 太平洋
116. the Atlantic Ocean 大西洋
117. the Arctic Ocean 北冰洋
118. the Antarctic Ocean 南冰洋
119. grant vt. 授予,同意,準(zhǔn)予
119. grand a. 宏偉大,壯麗的,重大的
120. invade v. 侵入,侵略,侵襲
121. acid n. 酸,酸性物質(zhì) a. 酸的;尖刻的
122. acknowledge v. 承認(rèn);致謝
123. balcony n. 陽(yáng)臺(tái)
124. calculate vt. 計(jì)算,核算
125. calendar n. 日歷,月歷
126. optimistic a. 樂(lè)觀
127. optional a. 可以任選的,非強(qiáng)制的
128. outstanding a. 杰出的,突出的,顯著的
129. export n. 出口(物) v. 出口,輸出
130. import n. 進(jìn)口(物) v. 進(jìn)口,輸入
131. impose vt. 把...加強(qiáng)(on);采用,利用
132. religion n. 宗教,宗教信仰
133. religious a. 宗教的
134. victim n. 犧牲品,受害者
135. video n. 電視,視頻 a. 電視的.,錄像的
136. videotape n. 錄像磁帶
v. 把...錄在錄像帶上
137. offend v. 冒犯,觸犯
138. bother v. 打攪,麻煩
139. interfere v. 干涉,干擾,妨礙
140. internal a. 內(nèi)部的,國(guó)內(nèi)的
141. beforehand ad. 預(yù)先,事先
142. racial a. 人種的種族的
143. radiation n. 放射物,輻射
144. radical a.根本的;激進(jìn)的
145. range n. 幅度,范圍
v. (在某范圍內(nèi))變動(dòng)
146. wonder n. 驚奇,奇跡
v. 想知道,對(duì)...感到疑惑
147. isolate vt. 使隔離,使孤立
148. issue n. 問(wèn)題,爭(zhēng)論點(diǎn);
發(fā)行,(報(bào)刊)一期
149. hollow a. 空的,中空的,空虛道
150. hook n. 鉤 vt. 鉤住
151. adequate a. 適當(dāng)?shù)?足夠
152. adhere vi. 粘附,附著;遵守,堅(jiān)持
153. ban vt. 取締,禁止
154. capture vt. 俘虜,捕獲
155. valid a. 有效的,有根據(jù)的;正當(dāng)?shù)?/p>
156. valley n. 山谷,峽谷
157. consistent a. 堅(jiān)固定 一致的
158. continuous a. 繼續(xù)的,連續(xù)(不斷)
159. continual a. 不斷地,頻繁的
160. explode v. 爆炸;爆發(fā);激增
161. exploit v. 剝削;利用,開(kāi)采
162. explore v. 勘探
163. explosion n. 爆炸;爆發(fā);激增
164. explosive a. 爆炸的;極易引起爭(zhēng)論的
165. remote a. 遙遠(yuǎn)的,偏僻的
166. removal n. 除去,消除
167. render vt. 使得,致使
167. render vt.呈遞, 歸還, 著色, 匯報(bào), 致使, 放棄, 表演, 實(shí)施vi.給予補(bǔ)償n.交納, 粉刷, 打底
168. precaution n. 預(yù)防,防備,警惕
169. idle a. 懶散的,無(wú)所事事的
170. identify vt. 認(rèn)出,鑒定
171. identify n. 身份;個(gè)性,特性
172. poverty n. 貧窮
173. resistant a. (to)抵抗的,
抗...的,耐...的
174. resolve vt. 解決;決定,決意
175. barrel n. 桶
176. bargain n. 便宜貨 vi. 討價(jià)還價(jià)
177. coarse a. 粗的,粗糙的,粗劣的
178. coach n. 教練;長(zhǎng)途公共汽車(chē)
179. code n. 準(zhǔn)則,法規(guī),密碼
180. coil n. 線圈 v. 卷,盤(pán)繞
181. adult n. 成年人
182. advertise v. 為...做廣告
183. advertisement n. 廣告
184. agency n. 代理商,經(jīng)銷(xiāo)商
185. focus v. (使)聚集
n. 焦點(diǎn),中心,聚焦
186. forbid vt. 不許,禁止
187. debate n./v. 辯論,爭(zhēng)論
188. debt n. 欠債
189. decade n. 十年
190. enclose vt. 圍住;把...裝入信封
191. encounter vt./n. 遭遇,遭到
192. globe n. 地球,世界;地球儀
193. global a. 全球的;總的
194. scan vt. 細(xì)看;掃描;瀏覽
195. scandal n. 丑事,丑聞
196. significance n. 意義;重要性
197. subsequent a. 隨后的,后來(lái)的
198. virtue n. 美德,優(yōu)點(diǎn)
199. virtual a. 實(shí)際上的,事實(shí)上的
200. orient vt. 使適應(yīng)
(to,toward)使朝向 n. 東方
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