英語語法強(qiáng)調(diào)句知識(shí)點(diǎn)
漫長(zhǎng)的學(xué)習(xí)生涯中，不管我們學(xué)什么，都需要掌握一些知識(shí)點(diǎn)，知識(shí)點(diǎn)是指某個(gè)模塊知識(shí)的重點(diǎn)、核心內(nèi)容、關(guān)鍵部分。相信很多人都在為知識(shí)點(diǎn)發(fā)愁，下面是小編精心整理的英語語法強(qiáng)調(diào)句知識(shí)點(diǎn)，希望對(duì)大家有所幫助。
英語語法強(qiáng)調(diào)句知識(shí)點(diǎn)：有關(guān)強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)的幾類重要考點(diǎn)
強(qiáng)調(diào)句型的基本結(jié)構(gòu)是“It+be+被強(qiáng)調(diào)成分+that (who)…”。如：
He bought the book in this shop yesterday.
→It was he that bought the book in this shop yesterday. (強(qiáng)調(diào)主語he)
→It was the book that he bought in this shop yesterday. (強(qiáng)調(diào)賓語the book)
→It was in this shop that he bought the book yesterday. (強(qiáng)調(diào)地點(diǎn)狀語in this shop)
綜觀近幾年的語法考題，我們發(fā)現(xiàn)對(duì)強(qiáng)調(diào)句型的考查主要集中在以下幾個(gè)方面：
一、考查強(qiáng)調(diào)句的基本形式
這類考題主要涉及被強(qiáng)調(diào)成分為介詞短語的情形。如：
It’s in the park that Jack met your sister yesterday.
杰克昨天是在公園與你的姐姐見面的。
It is on political questions that their views are different.
他們?cè)谡螁栴}上見解不同。
【真題實(shí)例】
1. —Where did you get to know her?
—It was on the farm _________ we worked.
A. that B. there C. which D. where
2. David said that it was because of his strong interest in literature _________ he chose the course.
A. that B. what C. why D. how
(答案分別為DA)
二、考查強(qiáng)調(diào)句的特殊疑問句形式
強(qiáng)調(diào)句型的陳述句形式和一般疑問句形式一般還好理解，但若以特殊疑問句形式出現(xiàn)，則很容易誤解。比較：
Jim told us the news.(非強(qiáng)調(diào)句)
→It was Jim that told us the news.(強(qiáng)調(diào)句型的陳述句形式)
→Was it Jim that told us the news.(強(qiáng)調(diào)句型的一般疑問句形式)
→Who was it that told us the news.(強(qiáng)調(diào)句型的特殊疑問句形式)
特殊疑問句形式的強(qiáng)調(diào)句可視為對(duì)陳述句強(qiáng)調(diào)中的被強(qiáng)調(diào)成分提問得來，如對(duì)It was yesterday that he arrived. 這一句中的yesterday提問，即得到When was it that he arrived? 請(qǐng)?jiān)倏匆韵吕樱?/p>
How long ago is it that you last saw her? 你上一次看見她是多久以前的事?
Why is it that I always land up cleaning the bath? 為什么總是該我來洗刷浴缸?
Who was it that won the World Cup in 1982? 誰贏得了1982年的世界杯?
【真題實(shí)例】 (答案分別為DCA)
1. I just wonder _________ that makes him so excited.
A. why it does B. what he does C. how it is D. what it is
2.— _________ that he manage to get the information.
—Oh, a friend of his helped him.
A. Where was it B. What was it C. How was it D. Why was it
3. Why! I have nothing to confess. _________ you want me to say?
A. What is it that B. What it is that C. How is it that D. How it is that
三、考查被強(qiáng)調(diào)成分為從句的情形
如果被強(qiáng)調(diào)成分為一個(gè)詞或一個(gè)詞組還比較好理解，但如果被強(qiáng)調(diào)的是一個(gè)從句，則比較容易出錯(cuò)。如：
It was after he got married that he got to know Mary.
他是在結(jié)婚之后才認(rèn)識(shí)瑪麗的。
It was not what he he said but how he behaved that made us angry.
使我們生氣的不是他說的話，而是他做的樣子。
【真題實(shí)例】 (答案分別為CAAA)
1. It is not who is right but what is right _________ is of importance.
A. which B. it C. that D. this
2. I don’t mind her criticizing me, but _________ is how she does it that I object to.
A. it B. that C. this D. which
3. It was after he got what he had desired _________ he realized it was not so important.
A. that B. when C. since D. as
4. It is what you do rather than what you way _________ matters.
A. that B. what C. which D. this
朋友說話的時(shí)候它在這兒?jiǎn)?
四、考查not...until句式的強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)
其基本形式為It is (was) not until…that…。比較：
He didnt come until his wife left. 他妻子走了之后他才來。
→It was not until his wife left that he came. 他妻子走了之后他才來。
They didnt start until the rain stopped. 直到雨停他們才出發(fā)。
→It was not until the rain stopped that they started. 直到雨停他們才出發(fā)。
注：這類句型不用倒裝語序，但若改成Not until…，則要用倒裝。如：
Not until his wife left did he come. 他妻子走了之后他才來。
Not until the rain stopped did they start. 直到雨停他們才出發(fā)。
【真題實(shí)例】 (答案分別為DBD)
1. It _________ we had stayed together for a couple of weeks _________ I found we had a lot in common.
A. was until; when B. was until; that C. wasn’t until; when D. wasn’t until; that
2. It was not until she got home _________ Jennifer realized she had lost her keys.
A. when B. that C. where D. before
3. It wasn’t until nearly a month later _________ I received the manager’s reply.
A. since B. when C. as D. that
五、考查強(qiáng)調(diào)句與非強(qiáng)調(diào)句的辨別
1. 設(shè)置陷阱，使考生將強(qiáng)調(diào)句誤判為非強(qiáng)調(diào)句。如：
It might have been John _________ bought a present for Mary yesterday.
A. that B. when C. what D. which
【解析】答案選A，為強(qiáng)調(diào)句型，由于句中動(dòng)詞be采用了might have been這一復(fù)雜結(jié)構(gòu)，所以許多同學(xué)們可能會(huì)看不出它是一個(gè)強(qiáng)調(diào)句型。
2. 設(shè)置陷阱，使考生將非強(qiáng)調(diào)句誤判為強(qiáng)調(diào)句。如：
It was evening we reached the little town of Winchester.
A. that B. until C. since D. before
【解析】答案選D。有的考生一看到句首的it was，再聯(lián)系到選項(xiàng)中的that，就以為這是考查強(qiáng)調(diào)句。其實(shí)錯(cuò)了。此題是考查連詞before的用法。因?yàn)槿サ鬒t was…that這一結(jié)構(gòu)后，原句不能成為一個(gè)完整的句子，所以這不是強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)。句意是：我們還沒有到達(dá)Winchester這個(gè)小鎮(zhèn)，天就夜了。
英語語法強(qiáng)調(diào)句知識(shí)點(diǎn)：It is...that…句式通常不能強(qiáng)調(diào)哪些成分
有這樣一道考題：
It was a teacher that she __________.
A. was B. seemed C. looked D. married
此題應(yīng)選D。從句意上看似乎4個(gè)選項(xiàng)都行，其實(shí)這里只能填D。因?yàn)樘預(yù)，B，C 中的任意一個(gè)選項(xiàng)，都會(huì)導(dǎo)致句中的 a teacher成為表語，然而按照強(qiáng)調(diào)句句法規(guī)則，It is...that這一強(qiáng)調(diào)句型是不能強(qiáng)調(diào)表語的。一般說來，以下成分不能用于強(qiáng)調(diào)句中的被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分：
1. 表語：
她很美。
正：She is beautiful.
誤：It is beautiful she is.
他是醫(yī)生。
正：He is a doctor.
誤：It is a doctor that he is.
但是賓語補(bǔ)足語卻可以用作被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分：
他們選他擔(dān)任主席。
正：They elected him chairman.
正：It was chairman that they elected him.
2. since 和 as 引導(dǎo)的原因狀語從句(但 because 從句卻可以)：
他不能來是因?yàn)樗×恕?/p>
正：It is because he is ill that he can’t come.
誤：It is since[as] he’s ill that he can’t come.
3. although 引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句：
雖然累了，但他還是去了。
正：He went although he was tired.
誤：It was although he was tired that he went.
英語語法強(qiáng)調(diào)句知識(shí)點(diǎn)：當(dāng)心假?gòu)?qiáng)調(diào)句考點(diǎn)
【導(dǎo)語】英語語法讓很多學(xué)生都頭疼，因?yàn)閺?fù)雜難懂的句式和詞組有時(shí)難以記憶。為大家整理了英語語法大全，希望對(duì)同學(xué)們的英語語法學(xué)習(xí)有所幫助。
有這樣一道題，它是考查強(qiáng)調(diào)句嗎?
It was 9 o’clock __________ he came back last night.
A. that B. when C. since D. this
此題應(yīng)選 B。容易誤選 A，誤認(rèn)為這是強(qiáng)調(diào)句型。假若這里填 that，構(gòu)成強(qiáng)調(diào)句型，那么被強(qiáng)調(diào)的 9 o’clock 是什么成分呢(注意它不能作狀語)?但是若在 9 o’clock 前加一個(gè)介詞(at，after，before等)，則可以填 that 構(gòu)成強(qiáng)調(diào)句。
試比較：
It was at ten o’clock that he came back. 他回來時(shí)是10點(diǎn)鐘。
It was after ten o’clock that he came back. 他是在10點(diǎn)過后回來的。
It was before ten o’clock that he came back. 他是在10點(diǎn)前回來的。
以上分析告訴我們，上題填 that 不對(duì) (除非 9 o’clock前有介詞)。那么填 when 又作何解釋呢? 本題填 when，全句構(gòu)成主從復(fù)合句，其中的when引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句(意為“當(dāng)……的時(shí)候”)，全句意為：當(dāng)他回來時(shí)，時(shí)間是晚上9點(diǎn)。
再請(qǐng)比較：
1. a. It is autumn when leaves fall. 當(dāng)樹葉落的時(shí) 候就是秋天了。
b. It is in autumn that leaves fall. 樹在秋天落 葉。
2. a. It was lunchtime when he called. 當(dāng)他來訪時(shí)，已是吃中飯的時(shí)候。
b. It was at lunchtime that he called. 他是在吃 中飯的時(shí)候來訪的。
強(qiáng)調(diào)句的概念：
強(qiáng)調(diào)句 (The Emphatic Pattern) 是一種修辭，是人們?yōu)榱吮磉_(dá)自己的意愿或情感而使用的一種形式。通過各種方式對(duì)句子中的某個(gè)部分進(jìn)行強(qiáng)調(diào)，從而起到修辭的作用。英語常用的強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)有：It is (was)+被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分(主語、賓語或狀語)+that/who...；what…be…句型；
強(qiáng)調(diào)句的使用:
一、強(qiáng)調(diào)句句型：
1、用It is／was...that／who...句型表示強(qiáng)調(diào)。
（1）陳述句的強(qiáng)調(diào)句型：It is/was+被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分（通常是主語、賓語或狀語）+that/who（當(dāng)強(qiáng)調(diào)主語且主語指人）+其它部分。
e.g. It was yesterday that he met Li Ping.
（2）一般疑問句的強(qiáng)調(diào)句型：同上，只是把is/was提到it前面。
e.g. Was it yesterday that he met Li Ping?
（3）特殊疑問句的強(qiáng)調(diào)句型：被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分（通常是疑問代詞或疑問副詞）+is/was+it+that/who+其它部分？
e.g. When and where was it that you were born?
注：被強(qiáng)調(diào)的部分（通常是句子的主語、狀語、賓語或賓語補(bǔ)足語）放在is／was的后面，如被強(qiáng)調(diào)的是人，則后面可用who，whom等代替。
如：原句：He met an old friendin the park yesterday.
強(qiáng)調(diào)主語：It was he who/that met an old friendin the park yesterday.
強(qiáng)調(diào)賓語：It was an old friendthat/who he met in the park yesterday.
強(qiáng)調(diào)地點(diǎn)狀語：It was in the park that he met an old friendyesterday.
強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)間狀語：It was yesterday that he met an old friendin the park.
2、用助動(dòng)詞do, does或did來強(qiáng)調(diào)謂語動(dòng)詞。
如：Do come early.
He did sendyou a letter last week.
Were pleased that she does intendto come.
3、用主語從句+be+被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分，主語從句常用what引導(dǎo)。
如：What John wants is a ball.
What Mary does every day is(to) give piano lessons.
二、not...until...句型的強(qiáng)調(diào)句：
1、句型為：It is/was not until+被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分+that+其它部分：
e.g. 普通句：He didnt go to bed until/till his wife came back.
強(qiáng)調(diào)句：It was not until his wife came back that he went to bed.
2、注意：此句型只用until，不用till。但如果不是強(qiáng)調(diào)句型，till, until可通用；
因?yàn)榫湫椭蠭t is/was not...已經(jīng)是否定句了，that后面的從句要用肯定句，切勿再用否定句了。
三、謂語動(dòng)詞的強(qiáng)調(diào)：
1、It is/was...that...結(jié)構(gòu)不能強(qiáng)調(diào)謂語，如果需要強(qiáng)調(diào)謂語時(shí)，用助動(dòng)詞do/does或did。
e.g. Do sit down.務(wù)必請(qǐng)坐。
He did write to you last week. 上周他確實(shí)給你寫了信。
Do be careful when you cross the street. 過馬路時(shí)，務(wù)必（千萬）要小心啊！
2、注意：此種強(qiáng)調(diào)只用do/does和did，沒有別的形式；過去時(shí)用did，后面的謂語動(dòng)詞用原形。
使用強(qiáng)調(diào)句型有以下幾點(diǎn)請(qǐng)注意：
①?gòu)?qiáng)調(diào)句的謂語is或was永遠(yuǎn)用單數(shù)。
如：It was yesterday that I met your father in the street.
②不管被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分是哪種狀語，只能用that連接，不得使用where、when等連詞。
如：It was in the street that I met your father yesterday.
③被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分為人時(shí)，可用who(主格或賓格)和whom(賓格)代替that，用that也行。
如：It was your father that/whom/who I met in the street yesterday.
It was I that/who met your father in the street yesterday.
④強(qiáng)調(diào)句中也要注意主謂一致、人稱一致和否定轉(zhuǎn)移的問題。
如：It is they who are our friends.
It was not until ten oclock that we got home last night.
⑤注意不要混淆強(qiáng)調(diào)句和其他從句。It is/was...that...為強(qiáng)調(diào)句標(biāo)志，去掉后仍可組成一個(gè)完整的句子，只是沒被強(qiáng)調(diào)，而其他從句一般不具備這一特征。
比較：1）It was ten oclock when we got home last night. 我們昨晚到家時(shí)已十點(diǎn)了。
2）It was at ten oclock that we got home last night. 我們昨晚是在十點(diǎn)到家的。
第一句不是強(qiáng)調(diào)句，when不可改為that，因?yàn)槿サ鬷t was和that后，只能組成“We got home ten oclock last night.”這樣一個(gè)不完整的句子；第二句是強(qiáng)調(diào)句，that不可改為when。
強(qiáng)調(diào)句型用法拓展：
1、句首詞用“It”，不能用“This”，“That”等。
2、be動(dòng)詞的形式是is或was，不能用復(fù)數(shù)形式are或were。若原句的謂語動(dòng)詞用了現(xiàn)在時(shí)或?qū)頃r(shí)，則用is；
若原句的謂語動(dòng)詞用了過去時(shí)或過去完成時(shí)，則用was。
如：It___the Chinese women that___a great role in the socialist construction.
A. is; plays
B. are; play
C .is; play
D. are; plays
答案：C
3、被強(qiáng)調(diào)的部分如果是代詞，強(qiáng)調(diào)主語用主格，強(qiáng)調(diào)賓語用賓格。
如：It is him that/who/whom I met in the street yesterday.
It is I who/that am wrong.
4、連接詞一般用that，當(dāng)強(qiáng)調(diào)部分是人時(shí)，既可用that也可用who。特別注意當(dāng)強(qiáng)調(diào)部分是時(shí)間狀語或地點(diǎn)狀語時(shí)，不能用when或where。
如：It was on Oct1st, 1949 that Peoples Republic of China was founded.
It was at the gate____he told me the news.
A. that
B. what
C. which
D. when
答案：A
5、主謂一致問題被強(qiáng)調(diào)的主語要和that后面的謂語動(dòng)詞在數(shù)上保持一致。
如：It is Mary who often _____(help) me with my English. （helps）
It is I that ____(be) against you. （am）
6、not...until結(jié)構(gòu)的強(qiáng)調(diào)。
強(qiáng)調(diào)“not...until”引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語時(shí)，要用“it is/was not until...that...”結(jié)構(gòu)，that后面的句子要用肯定式，且須用陳述句語序。
如：We did not get off the bus until it stopped. ?
It was not until it stopped that we got off the bus. (注意：強(qiáng)調(diào)該結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí)not until不能分開)
英語語法強(qiáng)調(diào)句的易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)
一、關(guān)于結(jié)構(gòu)中的that
此結(jié)構(gòu)中，除強(qiáng)調(diào)的是作主語或賓語的人時(shí)可以用who外，其它任何情況都只能用that。如：
It was Kate that/who told me about it. 是凱特告訴那件事的。
It was yesterday afternoon that she told me about it. 是昨天下午她把那件事告訴我的。(that不能用when替代)
二、關(guān)于結(jié)構(gòu)中be的形式
原句中謂語動(dòng)詞是過去式，強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)的be用is，原句謂語動(dòng)詞是現(xiàn)在時(shí)或?qū)頃r(shí)，強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)的be用was。如：
It is he that likes playing games. 是他喜歡打游戲。
It is tomorrow that we will have a meeting. 是明天我們要開會(huì)。
注：be有時(shí)與表示推測(cè)的情態(tài)動(dòng)詞連用。如：
It must be John that/who cleaned the room. 一定是約翰打掃房間的。
三、關(guān)于主謂一致問題
被強(qiáng)調(diào)的是原句的主語時(shí)，要注意that/who后的謂語動(dòng)詞與原句主語一致。如：
It is I that am in trouble. 是我陷入了困境。
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