大學(xué)英語短文改錯技巧
短文改錯是對語言知識綜合運用能力的考查，檢測考生發(fā)現(xiàn)、判斷、糾正文章錯誤的能力，進而考查學(xué)生的詞法、句法及行文邏輯等方面的水平。題目一般都設(shè)計的比較靈活，知識層次多，覆蓋面廣。改錯詞是其最主要的形式，約占60%，是考查的重點。下面是小編收集整理的大學(xué)英語短文改錯技巧，希望對您有所幫助！
知識點分布
詞法上：
①詞的時態(tài)、語態(tài)、非謂語動詞及情態(tài)動詞的用法等；
②名詞、代詞的數(shù)、格；
③形容詞、副詞的比較等級；
④主謂語一致及其他的一致關(guān)系；
⑤連詞、關(guān)系詞的使用等。
句法上：
主要涉及簡單句否定、疑問、倒裝、省略、替代等變化。
行文邏輯上：
主要涉及人物的性別及與之相對應(yīng)的物主代詞、句義的并列與轉(zhuǎn)折、時間的順序、數(shù)量的增減以及因果的倒置等。
解題步驟
1.通讀全文，了解大意
2.通過閱讀全文，從宏觀上把握文章的主旨、時態(tài)、人稱，做到心中有數(shù)。
3.逐句推敲，仔細審查
4.仔細閱讀每個句子，從語法角度審查
5.重讀全文，完善答案
6.改完后對全文進行重新回顧，檢查已修改的部分是否符合語法邏輯等。
檢查對象
1. 句中各部分的結(jié)構(gòu)是否完整，特別是每個句子要有動詞；
2. 謂語動詞的時態(tài)、語態(tài)；
3. 非謂語動詞的用法；
4. 名詞的單、復(fù)數(shù)，格的使用是否正確；
5. 定冠詞和不定冠詞是否正確；
6. 代詞的格和性的使用是否有誤；
7. 定語從句中關(guān)系代詞、關(guān)系副詞是否準確無誤；
8. 并列句中的并列連詞、主從復(fù)合句中的從屬連詞用的是否得當。
從語法角度審查
1. 查看時態(tài)是否一致
My favorite sport is football. I was a member of our football team.
全文都是用的一般現(xiàn)在時，此句中的was顯然與上下文語境不符，應(yīng)改為am。
2. 查看主謂是否一致
Anyone may borrow books, and it cost nothing to borrow them.
cost應(yīng)改為costs，因其主語是it(為形式主語)，且上下文均為一般現(xiàn)在時。
3. 查指代是否一致
The Smiths did his best to make me feel at home.
句中的主語the Smiths表的是Smith一家人，因此指示代詞his應(yīng)改為their。
4. 查平行結(jié)構(gòu)是否平行一致
由and, or, but, either...or..., neither...nor..., not only...but also..., as well as等并列連詞和詞組連接的結(jié)構(gòu)可稱為平行結(jié)構(gòu)。
It was very kind of them to meet me at the railway station and drove me to their home.
句中的drove顯然與and前面的to meet不平行，應(yīng)改為drive。
5. 查名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)與修飾詞語或上下文是否一致
We study quite a few subject, such as Maths, Chinese...
quite a few 只能修飾復(fù)數(shù)名詞，故subject應(yīng)改為subjects。
6. 查行文邏輯是否一致
Most people can quickly get help from a doctor or go to a hospital sincethey are ill.
根據(jù)行文邏輯，這里不該由since來引導(dǎo)原因狀語從句，而應(yīng)是when / whenever或if來引導(dǎo)時間或條件狀語從句。
常見錯誤類型
1. 謂語動詞的錯誤是歷年考試的重點和熱點
常見動詞錯誤類型：
①一般現(xiàn)在時與一般過去時錯用
②and前后動詞時態(tài)不一致；
③主謂不一致；
④缺少動詞，特別是be動詞；
⑤第三人稱單數(shù)形式錯用；
⑥主動語態(tài)和被動語態(tài)錯用。
They did not want me to do any work at home; they want me to devote all my time to my studies. (did改為do，錯誤類型屬于①)
As we climbed the mountain, we fed monkeys, visiting temples and told stories. (visiting改為visited，錯誤類型屬于②)
One evening she told me that something happened when her parents was out. (was改為were，錯誤類型屬于③)
There will an important game next month. (will后加be，錯誤類型屬于④)
2.名詞的常見錯誤：單復(fù)數(shù)名詞錯用，可數(shù)名詞與不可數(shù)名詞錯用
I’ll get good marks in all my subject. (subject改為subjects)
Their word were a great encouragement to me. (word改為words)
Without enough knowledges, you can never teach well. (knowledges改為knowledge)
3.冠詞錯誤：誤用a和an（根據(jù)單詞的第一個音素來判定）；誤用a/an和the（固定搭配，或泛指、特指；多冠詞或少冠詞）
We maybe one family and live under a same roof. (a改為the，the same是固定搭配)
As everyone knows, it’s famous mountain with all kinds of pants. (mountain是可數(shù)名詞需用冠詞，所以其前加a)
I hope you have pleasant journey. (journey是可數(shù)名詞，故have后加a)
4.形容詞和副詞錯誤：系動詞（am/is/are/was/were/become/go）和感官性動詞（smell/feel）后用形容詞；詞性的誤用（形容詞修飾名詞；副詞修飾動詞和形容詞）。
I’m sure we’ll have a wonderfully time together. (time是名詞，要用形容詞wonderful修飾)
My pronunciation was terribly. (was后用形容詞，terribly改為terrible)
5. 代詞錯誤：代詞的主賓格（I/me；he/him；she/her；we/us；they/them）錯誤；反身代詞（myself/yourself/himself/herself/themselves/ourselves）使用錯誤；代詞的單數(shù)和復(fù)數(shù)使用錯誤；代詞指代錯誤；多代詞或少代詞。
Soon I began to enjoy talking to myself on paper as I was learning to express mein simple English. (me改為myself)
One day I wrote a little story and showed to my teacher. (to前加it)
If anyone of us had any difficulty in our life and study, the other would help him out. (other后加-s)
What’s more, you have to be friends with your pupils and take good care ofhim. (him改為them)
6. 非謂語動詞的常見錯誤：不定式、動名詞作主語、賓語時；and連接的不定式或動名詞前后不一致；介詞后用動名詞形式作賓語；某些動詞后要求接動名詞或不定式。
Soon I began to enjoy talk to myself on paper. (enjoy后需接動名詞，talk改為talking)
But his parents think go to college is more important than playing sports. (go作主語，應(yīng)改為going)
Children may not develop the habit of read and the ability to enjoy themselves. (介詞后用動名詞形式作賓語，read改為reading)
I particularly enjoyed driving through the countryside with you and saw the changing colors of the leaves on the trees. (and連接的動名詞前后不一致，故saw改為seeing)
7. 介詞錯誤：詞組中的介詞誤用；介詞意思理解偏差；介詞的多用或少用。
There are too many people among my family. (among改為in，in my family為固定搭配)
I was so tired that I fell asleep at the moment my head touched the pillow. (去掉at，the moment引導(dǎo)從句)
注意：
1.切忌改動原文的意思，一定要在看懂原文的基礎(chǔ)上改錯。
2.橫線上改正后的單詞一定要注意拼寫正確，書寫的清晰工整。
3.注重平時的積累，貴在堅持。
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