大學英語閱讀理解題及解答

時間：2025-01-18 15:14:54 賽賽英語閱讀

大學英語閱讀理解題及解答（通用16套）

　　在日常學習和工作中，我們最少不了的就是練習題了，只有多做題，學習成績才能提上來。學習就是一個反復反復再反復的過程，多做題。還在為找參考習題而苦惱嗎？以下是小編幫大家整理的大學英語閱讀理解題及解答，歡迎大家借鑒與參考，希望對大家有所幫助。

大學英語閱讀理解題及解答（通用16套）

　　大學英語閱讀理解題及解答 1

　　Merchant and passenger ships are generally required to have a life preserver for every person aboard and in many cases, a certain percentage of smaller sizes for children. According to United States requirements, life preservers must design, reversible capable of being quickly adjusted to fit the uninitiated individual, and must be so designed as to support the wearer in the water in an upright or slightly backward position.

　　Sufficient buoyancy(浮力) to support the wearer should be retained by the life preserver after 48 hours in the water, and it should be reliable even after long period of storage. Thus it should be made of materials resistant to sunlight, gasoline, and oils, and it should be not easily set on fire.?The position in which the life preserver will support a person who jumps or falls into the water is most important, as is its tendency to turn the wearer in the water from a face-down position to an upright or slightly backward position, with his face clear of the water, even when the wearer is exhausted or unconscious.

　　The method of adjustment to the body should be simple, and self-evident to uninitiated persons even in the dark under the confused conditions, which follow a disaster. Thus, the life be reversible that it is nearly impossible to get it on wrong. Catches, straps, and ties should be kept to a minimum. In addition, the life preserver must be adjustable to the wide variety of shapes and sizes of wearers, since this greatly affects the position of floating and the self-righting qualities. A suitable life also be comfortable to wear at all times, in and out of the water, not so heavy as to encourage to take it off on shipboard while the ship is in danger, nor so burdensome that it hinders a person in the water while trying to swim.

　　1. The passage is mainly about____.

　　A) the uses of life preservers

　　B) the design of life preservers

　　C) the materials for life preservers

　　D) the buoyancy of life preservers

　　2. According to the passage, a life be first of all ____.

　　A) adjustable B) comfortable C) self-evident D) self-righting

　　3. United States Coast Guard does NOT require the life preserver to be made ____.

　　A) with as few strings as possible

　　B) capable of being worn on both sides

　　C) according to each wearers size

　　D) comfortable and light to wear

　　4. By “the uninitiated individual” (Para. 1, Line. 4) the author refers to the person ____.

　　A) who has not been instructed how to use a life preserver

　　B) who has a little experience in using a life preserver

　　C) who uses a life preserver without permission

　　D) who becomes nervous before a disaster

　　5. What would happen if a person were supported by the life preserver in a wrong position?

　　A) The waves would move him backwards.

　　B) The water would choke him.

　　C) He would immediately sink to the bottom.

　　D) He would be exhausted or unconscious.

　　1. B

　　文章主要講述了救生衣的設計。間接題型段首主旨題。C項和D項都是對救生衣設計中設計材料的說明。A項為陷阱，指救生衣的`用途，盡管開頭提到，但范圍不著邊際。故只有B是正確選項。

　　2. D

　　根據文章，救生衣首先會自動扶正。事實細節題。本文第三段主要討論救生衣落水位置，應設計的能“自動扶正”,或稍向后仰。B項是對材料的描述，范圍太窄，而A和C不合題意，因此D是正確答案。

　　3. C

　　美國海岸巡邏隊不需要救生衣根據穿戴者的尺寸生產。事實細節題。A項和B項都涉及method，其相關部分見最后一段第三句，A，B，D三項都是文章中提及的，C項與本題無關的內容，因此應該選C。

　　4. A

　　“the uninitiated individual”作者指的是不知道怎么使用救生衣的人。語義指代題。根據文章最后一段第一句，我們可推出“the uninitiated individual”就是指的那些不知道怎么使用救生衣的人。故A是正確選項。

　　5. D

　　如果一個人沒有正確使用救生衣，就會發生什么?細節辨別題。第三段第一句后半句中a face-down position和本題中的 in a wrong position相對應。因此選項D“他可能太累了或者是已經失去知覺”是正確答案。

　　大學英語閱讀理解題及解答 2

　　The table before which we sit may be, as the scientist maintains, composed of dancing atoms, but it does not reveal itself to us as anything of the kind, and it is not with dancing atoms but a solid and motionless object that we live. So remote is this “real” table——and most of the other “realities” with which science deals——that it cannot be discussed in terms which have any human value, and though it may receive our purely intellectual credence it cannot be woven into the pattern of life as it is led, in contradistinction to life as we attempt it. Vibrations in the ether(以太) are so totally unlike the color, purple that the gulf between them cannot be bridged, and they are, to all intents and purposes，not one but two separate things of which the second and less “real” must be the most significant for us. And just as the sensation which has led us to attribute all objective reality to a non-existent thing which we called “purple”is more important for human life than the conception of vibrations of a certain frequency; so too the belief in God; however ill founded, has been more important in the life of man than the germ theory of true the latter may be.

　　We may, if we like, speak of consequence, as certain mystics love to do, of the different levels or orders of truth. We may adopt what is essentially a Platonistic (布拉圖式的) trick of thought and insist upon postulating the existence of external realities which correspond to the needs and modes of human feeling and which, so we may insist, have their being in some part of the universe unreachable by science. But to do so is to make an unwarrantable assumption and to be guilty of the metaphysical fallacy of failing to distinguish between a truth of feeling and that other sort of truth which is described as “truth of correspondence” and it is better perhaps, at least for those of us who have grown up in thought, to steer clear of such confusions and to rest content with the admission that, though the universe with which science deals is the real universe, yet we do not and cannot have any but fleeting and imperfect contacts with it; that the most important part of our lives-our sensations, emotions, desires and aspirations-take place in a universe of illusions which science can attenuate or destroy, but which it is powerless to enrich.

　　1. The author suggests that in order to bridge the puzzling difference between scientific truth and the world of illusion, the reader should____.

　　A) try to rid himself of his world of illusion

　　B) accept his words as being one of illusion

　　C) apply the scientific method

　　D) learn to acknowledge both

　　2. Judging from the ideas and tone of the selection, one may reasonably guess that the author is ____.

　　A) a humanist B) a pantheist C) a nuclear physicist D) a doctor of medicine

　　3. According to this passage, a scientist would conceive of a “table” as being ____.

　　A) a solid motionless object

　　B) certain characteristic vibrations in “ether”

　　C) a form fixed in space and time

　　D) a mass of atoms in motion

　　4. The topic of this selection is____.

　　A) the distortion of reality by science

　　B) the confusion caused by emotions

　　C) Platonic and contemporary views of truth

　　D) the place of scientific truth in our lives

　　5. By “objective reality” (Last line, Para. 1) the author means____.

　　A) scientific reality

　　B) a symbolic existence

　　C) the viewers experience

　　D) reality colored by emotion

　　1. B

　　作者暗示為了聯系起科學世界和虛幻世界的不同點，把他的話當作一種假相。間接題型段尾結論題。根據第二段最后一句話，我們可推出B是正確答案。

　　2. A

　　由文章的'觀點及語氣可推知作者是人文主義者。暗示推斷題。文中第一段第一句后半句提到“...but a solid and motionless object that we live”由此我們可以推出該作者是一位人文主義者。

　　3. D

　　根據文章，科學家相信“table”就是一群運動的原子。直接題型語義指代題。根據第一段第一句的前半句“...but it does not reveal itself to us as anything of the kind, and it is not with dancing atoms ...”我們可推出D是正確答案。

　　4. D

　　文章的主題為生活中科學真理的地位。段首主旨題。從第二段最后一句后半句“...that the most important part of our lives-our sensations, emotions, desires and aspirations-takes place in a universe of illusions which science can attenuate or destroy, but which it is powerless to enrich.”我們可以推斷出本文只要講了科學真理在現實生活中的地位。因而答案應選D。

　　5. A

　　對于作者，“objective reality”意味著科學現實。語義指代題。根據文章最后一段，我們可得知“objective reality”即科學現實的意思，因而，答案應該選A。

　　大學英語閱讀理解題及解答 3

　　For centuries, in the countries of south and Southeast Asia the elephant has been an intimate part of the culture, economy and religion, and nowhere more so than in Thailand. Unlike its African cousin, the Asian elephant is easily domesticated (馴化). The rare so-called white elephants have actually lent the authority of kingship to its rulers and until the 1920s the national flag was a white elephant on a red background.To the early Western visitors the country’s romantic name was “Land of the White Elephant”.

　　Today, however, the story is very different. Out of work and out of land, the Thai elephant struggles for survival in a nation that no longer needs it. The elephant has found itself more or less abandoned by previous owners who have moved on to a different economic world and a westernized society. And while the elephant’s problems began many years ago, now it rates a very low national priority.

　　How this reversal from national icon (圣像) to neglected animal came about is a tale of worsening environmental and the changing lives of the Thais themselves. According to Richard Lair, Thailand’s experts on the Asian elephant and author of the report Gone Astray, at the turn of the century there may well have beenas many as 100,000 domestic elephants in the country. In the north of Thailand alone it was estimated that more than 20,000 elephants were employed in transport, 1,000 of them alone on the road between the cities of Chiang Mai and Chiang Saen. This was at a time when 90 per cent of Thailand was still forest—a habitat (棲息地) that not only supported the animals but also made them necessary to carry goods and people. Nothing ploughs through dense forest better than a massive but sure-footed elephant.

　　By 1950 the elephant population had dropped to a still substantial 13,397, but today there are probably nomore than 3,800, with another 1,350 roaming free in the national parks. But now, Thailand’s forest coversonly 20 per cent of the land. This deforestaation (采伐森林) is the central point of the elephant’s difficult situation, for it has effectively put the animals out of work. This century, as the road network grew, so the elephant’s role as a beast of burden declined.

　　練習題：

　　Choose correct answers to the question:

　　1. What can we know about African elephants from the passage?

　　A. It is easy to tame them.

　　B. It is hard to tame them.

　　C. They are living a bett

　　大學英語閱讀理解題及解答 4

　　As the pace of life continues to increase ,we are fast losing the art of relaxation. Once you are in the habit of rushing through lift,being on the go from morning till night, it is hard to slow down. But relaxation is essential for a healthy mind and body. Stress is an natural part of everyday lift and there is no way to avoid it. In fact ,it is not the bad thing it is often supposed to be .A certain amount of stress is vital to provide motivation adn give purpose to life. It is only when the stress gets out of control that it can lead to poor performance and ill health. The amount of stress a person can withstand depends very much on the individual. Some people are not afraid of stress,and such characters are obviously prime material for managerial responsibilities. Others lose heart at the first signs of unusual difficulties. When exposed to stress,in whatever form,we react both chemically and physically. In fact we make choice between "fight" or "flight" and in more primitive days the choice made the difference between life or death. The crises we meet today are unlikely to be so extreme,but however little the stress,it involves the same response. It is when such a reaction lasts long,through continued exposure to stress,that health becomes endangered.Such serious conditions as high blood pressure and heart disease have established links with stress.Since we cannot remove stress from our lives(it would be unwise to do so even if we could),we need to find ways to deal with it.

　　1.People are finding less and less time for relaxing themselves because_____. a.they do not know how to enjoy themselves b.they do not believe that relaxation is important for health

　　c.they are travelling fast all the time

　　d.they are becoming busier with their work

　　2.According to the writer ,the most important character for a good manager is his ________. a.not fearing stress b.knowing the art of relaxation c.high sense of responsibility

　　d.having control over performance

　　3.Which of the follwing statements is ture?

　　a.We can find some ways to avoid stress b.Stress is always harmful to people

　　c.It is easy to change the hagit of keeping oneself busy with work.

　　d.Different people can withstand different amounts of stress

　　4.In Paragraph 3, "such a reaction" refers back to_______. a."making a choice between flight or fight"

　　b."reaction to stress both chemically and physically" c."responding to crises quickly"

　　d."losing heart at the signs difficulties"

　　5.In the last sentence of the passage,"do so " refers to ______. a."expose ourselves to stress"

　　b."find ways to deal with stress" c."remove stress from our lives"

　　d."established links between diseases and stress"

　　答案：dadbc

　　大學英語閱讀理解題及解答 5

　　As she walked round the huge department store,Edith reflected how difficult it was to choose a suitable Christmas present for her father.She wish that he was as easy to please as her mother, who was always delighted with perfume

　　Besides,shoppong at this time of the year was a most disgreeable experience :people trod on your toes,poked you with their elbows and almost knocked you overin their haste to get to a bargain ahead of you.

　　Partly to have a rest, Edith paused in front of a counter where some attracive ties were on display. "They are real silk," the assistant assured her, trying to tempt her. "Worth double the price." But edit knew from past experience that her choice of ties hardly ever pleased her father.

　　She moved on reluctantly and then quite by chance, stopped where a small crowd of man had gathered round a counter. She found some good quality pipes on sale-----and the prices were very reasonable. Edith did not hesitate for long : although her father only smoked a pipe occasionally, she knew that this was a present which was bund to please him.

　　When she got home,with her small well-chosen present concealed in her handbag, her parents were already at the supper table. Her mother was in an especially cheerful mood, "Your father has at last to decided to stop smoking." She informed her daughter.

　　1.Ediths father _______.

　　a.did not like present

　　b.never got present c.preferred ties

　　d.was difficult to choose a present for

　　2.The assistant spoke to Edith because she seemed_______.

　　a.attractive

　　b.interested in ties c.tired

　　d.in need of comfort

　　3.Edith stopped at the next counter_________.

　　a.purosely

　　b.suddenly

　　c.unwillingly

　　d.accidentally

　　4.Ediths father smoked a pipe_______.

　　a.when he was obliged

　　b.on social occasions c.from time to time

　　d.when he was delighted

　　5.Shopping was very disagreeable at that time of the year because_______. a.coustomers trod on each others toes b.coustomers poked each other with their elbows c.customers knocked each other

　　d.customers were doing their shopping in a great hurry

　　答案：dbdcd

　　大學英語閱讀理解題及解答 6

　　What is your favourite colour? Do you like yellow , orange ,red? If you do ,you must be an optimist, a leader, an active person who enjoys life, people and excitement. Do you prefer greys and blues? Then you are probably quiet,shy, and you would rather follow than lead. You tend to be a pessimist. At least, this is what psychologists tell us, and they should know,because they have been seriously studying the meaning of colours preference, as well as the effect that colours have on human beings. They tells us, among other facts,that we do not choose our favourite clour as we grow up----we are born with our preference.If you happen to love brown, you did so, as soon as you opened your eyes, or at least as soon as you could see clearly. Colours do influence our moods----there is no doubt about it .A yellow room makes most people feel more cheerful and more relaxed than a dark green one; and a red dress brings warmth and cheer to the saddest winter day. On the other hand ,black is depressing. A black bridge over the Thames River, near London, used to be the scene of more suicides than any other bridge in the area ----until it was repainter green.The number of suicide attempts immediately fell sharply ;perhaps it would have fallen even more if the bridge had been done in pink or baby blue. Light and bright colours make people not only hppier but more active. It is an established fact that factory workers work better,harder ,and have fewer accidents when their machines are painted orange rather than black or grey. 1."You would rather follow than red" means_______. a.you dont like to follow others

　　b.you would be a member rather than a leader c.you would be afraid of following others

　　d.you would like to be a leader rather than a follower

　　2.If one enjoys life, one is sure to prefer________.

　　a.red to yellow

　　b.blue to orange

　　c.red to grey d.blue to yellow

　　3."They tell us, among other facts,that we dont choose our favourite colours as we grow up." "Among other facts" means______.

　　a.besides other facts

　　b.in regard to other facts

　　c.not considering other facts d.according to other facts 4.Which of the following is facts? a.Peoples preference of one colour to another is instinct b.Peoples preference of one colour to another is acquired as they grow up.

　　c.More people happen to love brown because they saw something brown when they were born d.Colours have little influence on our moods 5.Those who committed suicide preferred the bridge over the Thames River near london to others because of _______.

　　a.its shape

　　b.its structure

　　c.its colour

　　d.its building materials

　　答案：bcaac

　　大學英語閱讀理解題及解答 7

　　As is known to all, the organization and management of wages and salaries are very complex. Generally speaking, the Accounts Department is __1__ for calculations of pay, while the Personnel Department is interested in discussions with the employees about pay.

　　If a firm wants to __2__ a new wage and salary structure, it is essential that the firm should decide on a __3__ of job evaluation and ways of measuring the performance of its employees. In order to be __4__, that new pay structure will need agreement between Trade Unions and employers. In job evaluation, all of the requirements of each job are defined in a detailed job description. Each of thsoe requirements is given a value, usually in points, which are __5__ together to give a total value for the job. For middle and higher management, a special method is used to evaluate managers on their knowledge of the job, their responsibility, and their __6__ to solve problems. Because of the difficulty in measuring management work, however, job grades for managers are often decided without __7__ to an evaluation system based on points.

　　In attempting to design a pay system, the Personnel Department should __8__ the value of each job with these in the job market. __9__, payment for a job should vary with any differences in the way that the job is performed. Where it is simple to measure the work done, as in the works done with hands, monetary encouragement schemes are often chosen, for __10__ workers, where measurement is difficult, methods of additional payments are employed.

　　[A]compare

　　[B]responsible

　　[C]useful

　　[D]added

　　[E]find

　　[F]reference

　　[G]indirect

　　[H]method

　　[I]successful

　　[J]combined

　　[K]Necessarily

　　[L]capacity

　　[M]ability

　　[N]Basically

　　[O]adopt

　　【答案】

　　1.選B)。此處應填形容詞。原文意思為“會計部門...計算報酬”，選項中的形容詞responsible“負責任的”，useful“有用的”，indirect“間接的”，successful“成功的”，其中indirect不能與for連用，排除;剩余幾項中只有B)responsible意義符合原句，其他均不符合，故排除。

　　2.選O)。此處應填動詞原形。本文主題就是采用一種新的工資和薪水制度時需要注意的問題，選項中的動詞原形有compare“比較”，find“找到”，adopt“采納”，分別帶入原文，只有adopt最符合原文意思，故選O).

　　3.選H)。此處應填名詞。從原文看，and連接并列結構，所以要填的詞應與and后面的ways意思一致，選項中的名詞只有mathod = ways，故選H)method。

　　4.選I)。此處應填形容詞。上文說新的工資制度需要一套決定工作評估和衡量雇員表現的方法，說的是制度“是否有用”的問題。這句說的時新的工資制度執行過程中的問題，勞資雙方先期達成一致是薪酬制度成功的必要條件。形容詞useful和successful，I)seccessful更符合原文意思。

　　5.選D)。此處應填動詞。這個動詞的賓語是point“分值”，把分值...起來to give a total value得出總分值，選項中有added和combined，前者指“把...相加”，后者意為“把...結合在一起”，原文指將分值相加得出總分，故D)added最符合文意。

　　6.選M)。此處應填名詞。首先solve problem“解決問題”是經理們應具備的能力，選項中的capacity與ability都可以表示“能力”;前者強調的是理解的能力和接受事物的能力，而后者強調實際應用的能力，故不難判斷解決問題的能力應該用M)ability。

　　7.選F)。此處應填名詞。前半句指出“因為管理工作很難評估，經理的工作得分不需要參照基于分值的`評估系統決定。”without reference to為固定搭配，意思是“與...無關”。故選F)reference。

　　8.選A)。此處應填動詞原形。原句中出現了the value of each job“每種工作的價值”和these in the job market“工作市場上的(工作價值)”，說明人事部門通過比較兩種價值來計算工資制度。選項中只有compare表示“比較”，所以A)正確。

　　9.選K)。此處應填副詞，修飾整句話。“報酬要隨工作表現各方面的不同而有所改變”，選項中Necessarily“必須地”與Basically“基本地”為副詞，分別帶入原文，“報酬...的變化是必須的”更符合上下文意思，故排除N),選K)。

　　10.選G)。此處應填形容詞。前文中提到一種情況即simple to measure the work done易于評估的工作，通常用現金獎勵辦法;而...measurement is difficult“難于評估的”，說明這些工作人員的工作不像手工工作那么直接，因而是間接的，故選項中只有G)indirect符合原句的意思。

　　大學英語閱讀理解題及解答 8

　　Women are also underrepresented in the administration and this is because there are so few women full professors. In 1985,Regent Beryl Milburn produced a report blasting the University of Texas System adminitration for not encouraging women.The University was rated among the lowest for the system.In a 1987 ,Milburn commended the progress that was made and called for even more improvement. One of the positive results from her study was a System-wide program to inform women of available administrative jobs. College of Communication Associate Dean Patrica Witherspoon,said it is important that woman be flexible when it comesto relocating if they want to rise in the ranks. Although a woman may face a chilly climate on campus , many times in order for her to succeed , she must rise above the problems around her and concentrate on her work. Until women make up a greater percentage of the senior positions in the University and all academia,inequities will exist. "Women need to spend their energies and time doing scholarly activities that are important here at the University." Spirduso said. "If they do that will be successful in this system.If they spend their time in little groups mourning the sexual discrimination that they think exists here, they are wasting valuable study time."

　　1.According to Spirduso,women need to ____. a.produce a report on sexual discrimination

　　b.call for further improvement in their working conditions

　　c.spend their energies and time fighting against sexual discrimination d.spend more time and energy doing scholarly activities

　　2.From this passage ,we know that _____.

　　a.there are many women full professors in the University of Texas b.women play an important part in adminitrating the University c.the weather on the campus is chilly

　　d.women make up a small percentage of the senior positions in the University

　　3.Which of the following statements is true?

　　a.the number of women professors in the University in 1987 was greater than that of 1985 b.the number of women professors in the University in 1987 was smaller than that of 1985 c.the number of women professors was the same as that of 1985 d.more and more women professors thought that sexual discrimination did exit in the University

　　4.One of the positive results from Milburns study was that _____. a.women were told to con centrate on teir work

　　b.women were given information about available administrative jobs

　　c.women were encouraged to take on all the administrative jobs in the Unversity d.women were encouraged to do more scholarly activities

　　5. The title for this passage should be _______.

　　a.The University of Texas

　　b.Milburns Report c.Women Professors

　　d.Sexual Discrimination in Academia

　　答案：ddabd

　　大學英語閱讀理解題及解答 9

　　There are three kinds of goals: short-term,medium-range and long-term goals. Short-range goals are those that usually deal with current activities,which we can apply on a daily basis.Such goals can be achieved in a week or less,or two weeks,or possible months.It should be remembered that just as a building is no stronger than its foundation ,out long-term goals cannot amount to very munch without the achievement of solid short-term goals.Upon completing our short-term goals,we should date the occasion and then add new short-term goals that will build on those that have been completed. The intermediate goals bukld on the foundation of the short-range goals.They might deal with just one term of school or the entire school year,or they could even extend for several years.Any time you move a step at a time,you should never allow yourself to become discouraged or overwhelmed. As you complete each step,you will enforce the belief in your ability to grow adn succeed.And as your list of completion dates grow,your motivation and desire will increase. Long-range goals may be related to our dreams of the future. They might cover five years or more. Life is not a static thing.We should never allow a long-term goal to limit us or our course of action. 1.Our long-term goals mean a lot______.

　　A.if we complete our short-range goals

　　B.if we cannot reach solid short-term goals

　　C.if we write down the dates

　　D.if we put forward some plans

　　2.New short-term goals are bulid upon______.

　　A.two years B.long-term goals

　　C.current activities D.the goals that have been completed

　　3.When we complete each step of our goals ,______.

　　A.we will win final success

　　B.we are overwhelmed

　　C.we should build up confidence of success

　　D.we should strong desire for setting new goals 4.Once our goals are drawn up,_______.

　　A.we should stick to them until we complete them

　　B.we may change our goals as we have new ideas and opportunities C.we had better wait for the exciting news of success

　　D.we have made great decision

　　5.It is implied but not stated in the passage that ______.

　　A.those who habe long-term goals will succeed

　　B.writing down the dates may discourage you

　　C.the goal is only a guide for us to reach our desination

　　D.every should have a goal

　　答案：adcbc

　　大學英語閱讀理解題及解答 10

　　There are two factors which determine an individuals intelligence. The first is the sort of brain he is born with. Human brains differ considerably, some being more capable than others. But no matter how good a brain he has to begin with, an individual will have a low order of intelligence unless he has opportunities to learn. So the second factor is what happens to the individual—the sort of environment in which he is reared. If an individual is handicapped envionmentally ,it is likely that his brain will fail to develop and he will never attain the level of intelligence of which he is capable. The importance of environment in determining an individuals intellingence can be demonstrated by the case history of the identical twins, Peter and Mark X. Being identical, the twins had identical brains at birth, and their growth processes were the same. When the twins were three months old , their parents died, and they were placed in separate foster homes. Peter was reated by parents of low intelligence in an isolatedcommunity with poor educational pooprtunities.Mark was reared inthe home of well-to-do parents who had been to college. He was read to as a child , sent to good schools, and given every opportunity to be stimulated intellectually.This enviromental difference continued until the twins were in their late teens, when they were giben tesets to measure their intelligence. Marks I.Q. was 125, twenty-five points higher than the average and fully forty points higher than his identical brother. Given equal opportunities , the twins , having identical brains,would have tested at roughly the same level.

　　1.This selection can best be titled_________.

　　a.Measuring Your Intelligence

　　b.Intelligence and Environment c.The Case of Peter and Mark

　　d.How the brain Influences Intelligence

　　2.The beststatement of the main idea of this passage is that _____. a.human brains differ considerably

　　b.the brain a person is born with is improtant in determining his intelligence c.environment is crucial in determining a persons intelligence d. persons having identical brains will have roughly the same intelligence

　　3.According to the passage , the average I.Q.is _____.

　　a.85 b.100

　　c.110

　　d.125

　　4.The case history of the twins appears to support the conclusion that _______. a.individual with identical brains seldom test at same level b.an individuals intelligence is determined only by his enviroment c.lack of opportunity blocks the growth of intelligence d.changes of enviroment produce changes in the structure of the brain

　　5.This passage suggests that an individual s I.Q.______. a.can be predicted at birth

　　b.stays the same throuthout his life

　　c.can be increased by education

　　d.is determined by his childhood

　　答案：bcbcc

　　大學英語閱讀理解題及解答 11

　　The food we eat seems to have profound effects on our health.Although science has made enormous steps in making food more fit to eat ,it has, at the same time,made many foods unfit to eat. Some research has shown that perhaps eighty percent of all human illnesses are related to diet and forty percent of cancer is related to the diet as well,especially cancer of the colon. Different cultures are more likely to cause certain different illnesses because of the food that is characteristic in these cultures. That food is related to illness is nto a new discovery. In 1945, about 35 years ago, government researchers realized that nitrates, commonly used to preserve color in meats,and other food additivies,caused cancer. Yet, these carcinogenic additives remain in our food, and it becomes more difficult all the time to know which things on the packaging labels of processed food are helpful or harmful. The additives which we eat are not all so direct. Farmers often give penicillin to beef and living animals, and because of this ,penicillin has been found in the milk of treated cow. Sometimes similar drugs are given to animals not for medical purposes,but for financial reasons. The farmers are simply trying to fatten the animals in order to obtain a higher price on the market. Although the Food and Drug Administration(FDA) has tried repeatedly to control these procedures, the practices continue. 1.What is the best possible title of the passage?

　　a.Drug and Food

　　b.Cancer and Health

　　c.Food and Health d.Health and Drug 2.Which of the following statements is NOT ture? a.Drugs are always given to animals for medical reasons

　　b.Some of the additives in our food are added to the food itself and some are given to the living animals c.Researchers have known about the potential dangers of food additives for over thirty-five years. d.Food may cause forty percent of cancer in world. 3.How has science done something harmful to mankind? a.Because of science , diseases caused by polluted food haven been virtually eliminated. b.It has caused a lack of information concerning the value of food. c.Because of the application of science,some potentially harmful substances have been added to food. d.The scientists have preserved the color of meats,but not of vegetables.

　　4.What are nitrates used for?

　　a.They preserve flavor in packaged foods.

　　b.They preserve the color of meats. c.They are the objects of research. d.They cause the animals to become fatter.

　　5.The word carcinogenic most nearly means _____.

　　a.trouble-making

　　b.color-retaining

　　c.money-making

　　d.cancer-causing

　　答案：cacbd

　　大學英語閱讀理解題及解答 12

　　The economy of the United states after 1952 was the econnomy of a well-fed,almost fully employed people. Despit occasional alarms, the country escaped any postwar depression and lived in a state of boom. A n economic survey of the year 1955, a typical year of the 1950’s, may be typical as illustrating the rapid economic growth of the decade. The national output was value at 10 percent above that of 1954 (1955 output was estimated at 392 billion dollars). The production of manufacturers was about 40 percent more than it had averaged in the years immediately following World War 2. The country’s business spent about 30billion dollars for new factories and machinery.

　　National income available for spending was almost a third greater than it had been it had been in 1950.

　　Consumers spent about 256 billion dollars; that is about 700 million dollars a day ,or about twenty-five million dollars every hour , all round the clock. Sixty-five million people held jobs and only a little more than two million wanted jobs but could not find them . Only agriculture complained that it was not sharing in the room. To some observers this was an ominous echo of the mid-1920’s . As farmer’s shre of their products declined , marketing costs rose. But there were , among the observers of the national economy, a few who were not as confident as the majority . Those few seemed to fear that the boom could not last and would eventually lead to the oppsite-depression.

　　1. What is the best title of the passage? a. The Agriculatural Trends of 1950’s b. The Unemployment Rate of 1950’s

　　c. U.S. Economy in the 50’s d. The Federal Budget of 1952

　　2. In Line 3, the word “boom” could best be replaced by______.

　　a. nearby explosion b. thunderous noise

　　c. general public support d. rapid economic growth

　　3. It can be inferred the national from the passage that most people in the United States in 1955 viewed the national economy with an air of _________. a. confidence b. confusion c. disappointment d. suspicion

　　4. Which of the following were LEAST satisfied with the national economy in the 1950’s?

　　a. Economists b. Frmaers c. Politicians d. Steelworkers

　　5. The passage states that incom available for spending in the U.S. was greater in 1955 than in 1950 . How much was it ? a. 60％ b. 50％ c. 33％ d. 90％

　　答案：cdabc

　　大學英語閱讀理解題及解答 13

　　I’m usually fairly skeptical about any research that concludes that people are either happier or unhappier or more or less certain of themselves than they were 50 years ago. While any of these statements might be true, they are practically impossible to prove scientifically. Still, I was struck by a report which concluded that today’s children are significantly more anxious than children in the 1950s. In fact, the analysis showed, normal children ages 9 to 17 exhibit a higher level of anxiety today than children who were treated for mental illness 50 years ago.

　　Why are America’s kids so stressed? The report cites two main causes: increasing physical isolation—brought on by high divorce rates and less involvement in community, among other things—and a growing perception that the world is a more dangerous place.

　　Given that we can’t turn the clock back, adults can still do plenty to help the next generation cope.

　　At the top of the list is nurturing (培育) a better appreciation of the limits of individualism. No child is an island. Strengthening social ties helps build communities and protect individuals against stress.

　　To help kids build stronger connections with others, you can pull the plug on TVs and computers. Your family will thank you later. They will have more time for face-to-face relationships, and they will get more sleep.

　　Limit the amount of virtual (虛擬的) violence your children are exposed to. It’s not just video games andmovies; children see a lot of murder and crime on the local news.

　　Keep your expectations for your children reasonable. Many highly successful people never attended Harvard or Yale.

　　Make exercise part of your daily routine. It will help you cope with your own anxieties and provide a goodmodel for your kids. Sometimes anxiety is unavoidable. But it doesn’t have to ruin your life.

　　練習題：

　　Choose correct answers to the question:

　　1.The author thinks that the conclusions of any research about people’s state of mind are ________.

　　A. surprising

　　B. confusing

　　C. illogical

　　D. questionable

　　2. What does the author mean when he says, “we can’t turn the clock back” (Line 1, Para. 3)?

　　A. It’s impossible to slow down the pace of change.

　　B. The social reality children are facing cannot be changed.

　　C. Lessons learned from the past should not be forgotten.

　　D. It’s impossible to forget the past.

　　3.According to an analysis, compared with normal children today, children treated as mentallyill 50 years ago ________.

　　A. were less isolated physically

　　B. were probably less self-centered

　　C. probably suffered less from anxiety

　　D. were considered less individualistic

　　4.The first and most important thing parents should do to help their children is ______

　　A. to provide them with a safer environment

　　B. to lower their expectations for them

　　C. to get them more involved socially

　　D. to set a good model for them to follow

　　5.What conclusion can be drawn from the passage?

　　A. Anxiety, though unavoidable, can be coped with.

　　B. Children’s anxiety has been enormously exaggerated.

　　C. Children’s anxiety can be eliminated with more parental care.

　　D. Anxiety, if properly controlled, may help children become mature.

　　1.[D] 題目中的people’s state of mind就是本文第1句中either happier or unhappier or more or less certain of themselves。而對于這種研究，作者開門見山地表明自己的態度是skeptical懷疑的，因此該研究結論是questionable “可疑的”，故選D。

　　2.[B] 第3段說“雖然我們無法使時光倒流,但是我們成年人還是可以做很多事情來幫助下一代，使他們可以妥善應對”所以，“使時光倒流”實質上是改變孩子們現在所生活的環境，正確答案為B。

　　3.[C] 只要讀懂第1段最后一句的比較結構:該分析顯示，現在9到17歲的普通兒童比50年前接受精神病治療的兒童所表現出來的焦慮不安程度還要高,此題答案就一目了然，即選C。

　　4.[C] 根據第4段開頭的At the top of the list可知答案可在該段中尋得。由該段最后一句“加強社會聯系有助于社區的'建設,也有助于使個人免受壓力的侵擾”可知正確答案為C。

　　5.[A] 根據文章最后兩句“有時候焦慮是難免的,但它并不是非要毀掉你的生活不可”可知A說法與之相符，故選A。

　　大學英語閱讀理解題及解答 14

　　Directions: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.

　　Food-as-Medicine Movement Is Witnessing Progress

　　[A] Several times a month, you can find a doctor in the aisles of Ralph’s market in Huntington Beach, California, wearing a white coat and helping people learn about food. On one recent day, this doctor was Daniel Nadeau, wandering the cereal aisle with Allison Scott, giving her some idea on how to feed kids who persistently avoid anything that is healthy. “Have you thought about trying fresh juices in the morning?” he asks her. “The frozen oranges and apples are a little cheaper, and fruits are really good for the brain. Juices are quick and easy to prepare, you can take the frozen fruit out the night before and have it ready the next morning.”

　　[B] Scott is delighted to get food advice from a physician who is program director of the nearby Mary and Dick Allen Diabetes Center, part of the St. Joseph Hoag Health alliance. The center’s ‘Shop with Your Doc’ program sends doctors to the grocery store to meet with any patients who sign up for the service, plus any other shoppers who happen to be around with questions.

　　[C] Nadeau notices the pre-made macaroni (通心粉)-and-cheese boxes in Scott’s shopping cart and suggests she switch to whole grain macaroni and real cheese. “So I’d have to make it?”she asks, her enthusiasm fading at the thought of how long that might take, just to have her kids reject it. “I’m not sure they’d eat it. They just won’t eat it.”

　　[D] Nadeau says sugar and processed foods are big contributors to the rising diabetes rates among children. “In America, over 50 percent of our food is processed food,” Nadeau tells her. “And only 5 percent of our food is plant-based food. I think we should try to reverse that.” Scott agrees to try more fruit juices for the kids and to make real macaroni and cheese. Score one point for the doctor, zero for diabetes.

　　[E] Nadeau is part of a small revolution developing across California. The food-as-medicine movement has been around for decades, but it’s making progress as physicians and medical institutions make food a formal part of treatment, rather than relying solely on medications (藥物). By prescribing nutritional changes or launching programs such as ‘Shop with your Doc’, they are trying to prevent, limit or even reverse disease by changing what patients eat. “There’s no question people can take things a long way toward reversing diabetes, reversing high blood pressure, even preventing cancer by food choices,” Nadeau says.

　　[F] In the big picture, says Dr. Richard Afable, CEO and president of ST. Joseph Hoag Health, medical institutions across the state are starting to make a philosophical switch to becoming a health organization, not just a health care organization. That feeling echoes the beliefs of the Therapeutic Food Pantry program at Zuckerberg San Francisco General Hospital, which completed its pilot phase and is about to expand on an ongoing basis to five clinic sites throughout the city. The program will offer patients several bags of food prescribed for their condition, along with intensive training in how to cook it. “We really want to link food and medicine, and not just give away food,” says Dr. Rita Nguyen, the hospital’s medical director of Healthy Food Initiatives. “We want people to understand what they’re eating, how to prepare it, the role food plays in their lives.”

　　[G] In Southern California, Loma Linda University School of Medicine is offering specialized training for its resident physicians in Lifestyle Medicine — that is a formal specialty in using food to treat disease. Research findings increasingly show the power of food to treat or reverse diseases, but that does not mean that diet alone is always the solution, or that every illness can benefit substantially from dietary changes. Nonetheless, physicians say that they look at the collective data and a clear picture emerges: that the salt, sugar, fat and processed foods in the American diet contribute to the nation’s high rates of obesity, diabetes and heart disease. According to the World Health Organization, 80 percent of deaths from heart disease and stroke are caused by high blood pressure, tobacco use, elevated cholesterol and low consumption of fruits and vegetables.

　　[H] “It’s a different paradigm(范式) of how to treat disease,” says Dr. Brenda Rea, who helps run the family and preventive medicine residency program at Loma Linda University School of Medicine. The lifestyle medicine specialty is designed to train doctors in how to prevent and treat disease, in part, by changing patients’ nutritional habits. The medical center and school at Loma Linda also has a food cupboard and kitchen for patients. This way, patients not only learn about which foods to buy, but also how to prepare them at home.

　　[I] Many people don’t know how to cook, Rea says, and they only know how to heat things up. That means depending on packaged food with high salt and sugar content. So teaching people about which foods are healthy and how to prepare them, she says, can actually transform a patient’s life. And beyond that, it might transform the health and lives of that patient’s family. “What people eat can be medicine or poison,” Rea says. “As a physician, nutrition is one of the most powerful things you can change to reverse the effects of long-term disease.”

　　[J] Studies have explored evidence that dietary changes can slow inflammation(炎癥), for example, or make the body inhospitable to cancer cells. In general, many lifestyle medicine physicians recommend a plant-based diet — particularly for people with diabetes or other inflammatory conditions.

　　[K] “As what happened with tobacco, this will require a cultural shift, but that can happen,” says Nguyen. “In the same way physicians used to smoke, and then stopped smoking and were able to talk to patients about it, I think physicians can have a bigger voice in it.”

　　36. More than half of the food Americans eat is factory-produced.

　　37. There is a special program that assigns doctors to give advice to shoppers in food stores.

　　38. There is growing evidence from research that food helps patients recover from various illnesses.

　　39. A healthy breakfast can be prepared quickly and easily.

　　40. Training a patient to prepare healthy food can change their life.

　　41. One food-as-medicine program not only prescribes food for treatment but teaches patients how to cook it.

　　42. Scott is not keen on cooking food herself, thinking it would simply be a waste of time.

　　43. Diabetes patients are advised to eat more plant-based food.

　　44. Using food as medicine is no novel idea, but the movement is making headway these days.

　　45. Americans’ high rates of various illnesses result from the way they eat.

　　答案解析：

　　36. 答案：D

　　解析：D段中In America, over 50 percent of our food is processed food與該題干More than half the food Americans eat is factory-produced.屬于同義替換。

　　37. 答案：B

　　解析：B段中的. The center’s ‘Shop with Your Doc’ program sends doctors to the grocery store to meet with any patients與該題干There is a special program that assigns doctors to give advice to shoppers in food stores.屬于同義替換。

　　38. 答案：G

　　解析：G段中Research findings increasingly show the power of food to treat or reverse diseases與該題干There is growing evidence from research that food helps patients recover from various illnesses.屬于同義替換。

　　39. 答案：A

　　解析：A段中Juices are quick and easy to prepare, you can take the frozen fruit out the night before and have it ready the next morning.與該題干 A healthy breakfast can be prepared quickly and easily.屬于同義替換。

　　40. 答案：I

　　解析：I 段中 So teaching people about which foods are healthy and how to prepare them, she says, can actually transform a patient’s life. 與該題干Training a patient to prepare healthy food can change their life.屬于同義替換。

　　41. 答案：F

　　解析：F段中 The program will offer patients several bags of food prescribed for their condition, along with intensive training in how to cook it. 與該題干One food-as-medicine program not only prescribes food for treatment but teaches patients how to cook it.屬于同義替換。

　　42. 答案：C

　　解析：C段中“So I’d have to make it?”she asks, her enthusiasm fading at the thought of how long that might take, just to have her kids reject it. “I’m not sure they’d eat it. They just won’t eat it.”與該題干Scott is not keen on cooking food herself, thinking it would simply be a waste of time.屬于同義替換。

　　43. 答案：J

　　解析：J段中的In general, many lifestyle medicine physicians recommend a plant-based diet — particularly for people with diabetes or other inflammatory conditions.與該題干Diabetes patients are advised to eat more plant-based food.屬于同義替換。

　　44. 答案：E

　　解析：E段中的 The food-as-medicine movement has been around for decades, but it’s making progress as physicians and medical institutions make food a formal part of treatment, rather than relying solely on medications (藥物). 與該題干Using food as medicine is no novel idea, but the movement is making headway these days.屬于同義替換。

　　45. 答案：G

　　解析：G段中的the salt, sugar, fat and processed foods in the American diet contribute to the nation’s high rates of obesity, diabetes and heart disease. 與該題干Americans’ high rates of various illnesses result from the way they eat.屬于同義替換。

　　大學英語閱讀理解題及解答 15

　　Violin prodigies (神童), I learned, have come in distinct waves from distinct regions. Most of the great performers if the late 19th and early 20th centuries were born and brought up in Russia and Eastern Europe.I asked Isaac Stern, one of the world’s greatest violinists the reason for this phenomenon. It is very clear, he told me. They were all Jews(猶太人) and Jews at the time were severely oppressed and ill treated in that part of the world. They were not allowed into the professional fields, but they were allowed to achieve excellence on a concert stage. As a result, every Jewish parent’s dream was to have a child in the music school because it was a passport to the West.

　　Another element in the emergence of prodigies, I found, is a society that values excellence in a certain field to nurture (培育) talent. Nowadays, the most nurturing societies seem to be in the Far East. “In Japan, a most competitive society, with stronger discipline than ours. ”says Isaac Stem, children are ready to test their limits every day in many fields, including music. When Western music came to Japan after World WarⅡ, that music not only became part of their daily lives, but it became a discipline as well. The Koreans and Chinese as we know, are just as highly motivated as the Japanese.

　　That’s a good thing, because even prodigies must work hard. Next to hard work,biological inheritance plays an important role in the making of a prodigy. J. S. Bach, for example, was the top of several generations of musicians, and four of his sons had significant careers in music.

　　練習題：

　　Choose correct answers to the question:

　　1.Jewish parents in Eastern Europe longed for their children to attend music school

　　because ______ .

　　A. it would allow them access to a better life in the West

　　B. Jewish children are born with excellent musical talent

　　C. they wanted their children to enter into the professional field

　　D. it would enable the family to get better treatment in their own country

　　2.Nurturing societies as mentioned in the passage refer to societies that ______ .

　　A. enforce strong discipline on students who want to achieve excellence

　　B. treasure talent and provide opportunities for its full development

　　C. encourage people to compete with each other

　　D. promise talented children high positions

　　3.Japan is described in the passage as a country that attaches importance to ______ .

　　A. all-round development.

　　B. the learning of Western music

　　C. strict training of children

　　D. variety in academic studies

　　4.Which of the following contributes to the emergence of musical prodigies according

　　to the passage?

　　A. A natural gift.

　　B. Extensive knowledge of music.

　　C. Very early training.

　　D. A prejudice-free society.

　　5.Which of the following titles best summarizes the main idea of the passage?

　　A. Jewish Contribution to Music.

　　B. Training of Musicians in the World

　　C. Music and Society

　　D. The Making of Prodigies

　　1.[A] 原文首段最后一句提到，所有猶太人父母的夢想就是讓孩子上音樂學校，由because引導的從句解釋了原因，即因為這是通往西方世界的通行證。A項為原文的同義改寫，故選A。B、D在文中沒有提及，原文中說進入professional field是不被允許的,故C不符合。

　　2.[B] nurturing societies出現在文中第2段第2句，很顯然nurturing society指的是前一句說的`“重視在某一特定領域中的優異表現，能培養才能的社會”,B與原文相符。

　　3.[C] 日本在文中作為典型的nurturing society的例子，之后提到日本社會競爭激烈，注重規范和紀律，結合這兩點可知，C正確。

　　4.[A] 最后一段第2句提到，遺傳在天才的產生上也起很重要的作用，即天賦，故選A。其他三項在文中并未提及。

　　5.[D] 本文中，prodigies是一個關鍵詞，四個選項中只有D包含了這一關鍵詞。其他三個選項都只是文中的局部信息，不是文章主旨，均排除。

　　大學英語閱讀理解題及解答 16

　　Shyness is the cause of much unhappiness for a great many people. Shy people are anxious and self-conscious; that is, they are excessively concerned with their won appearance and actions. Worrisome thoughts are constantly occurring in their minds: what kind of impression am I making？Do they like me? Do I sound stupid? Am I wearing unattractive clothes?

　　It is obvious that such uncomfortable feelings must negatively affect people. A person’s conception of himself or herself is reflected in the way he or she behaves, and the way a person behaves affects other people’s reactions. In general, the way people think about themselves has a profound effect on all areas of their lives.’

　　Shy people, having low self-esteem, are likely to be passive and easily influenced by others. They need reassurance that they are doing “the right thing.” Shy people are very sensitive to criticism; they feel it confirms their feelings of inferiority. They also find it difficult to be pleased by compliment with a statement like this one, “You’re just saying that to make me feel good. I know it’s not true.” It is clear that while self-awareness is a healthy quality, overdoing it is harmful.

　　Can shyness be completely eliminated, or at least reduced? Fortunately, people can overcome shyness with determined and patient efforts in building self-confidence. Since shyness goes hand in hand with a lack of self-esteem, it is important for people to accept their weaknesses as well as their strengths.

　　Each one of us is a unique, worthwhile individual, interested in our own personal ways. The better we understand ourselves, the easier it becomes to live up to our full potential. Let’s not allow shyness to block our chances for a rich and fulfilling life.

　　1. What does the author try to prove by citing “what kind of impression am I making?”

　　A. Shy people benefit from their caring about their appearance.

　　B. People’s shyness made them care too much about their appearance and actions.

　　C. It’s natural that shy people don’t believe other’s compliments.

　　D. Shy people think they are different from others.

　　2. According to the writer, self-awareness is ________.

　　A. a good quality B. the cause of unhappiness

　　C. harmful to people D. a weak point of shy people

　　3. When being praised, shy people feel that it is ________.

　　A. good B. unreal C. very reasonable D. harmful

　　4. Which of the following statements is true according to the passage?

　　A. Shyness helps us to develop our potential