考研英語閱讀解析

時間：2025-12-11 14:11:07 小英英語閱讀

考研英語閱讀解析

　　英語最重要的東西其實光靠背誦不能真正的正握，總結起來就是翻譯閱讀真題。下面是小編給大家準備的考研的英語閱讀翻譯的真題及解析，歡迎大家閱讀練習!

考研英語閱讀解析

　　考研英語閱讀解析 1

　　第一篇：

　　Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2.(10 points)

　　It is speculated that gardens arise from a basic human need in the individuals who made them: the need for creative expression. There is no doubt that gardens evidence an irrepressible urge to create, express, fashion, and beautify and that self-expression is a basic human urge; (46) yet when one looks at the photographs of the gardens created by the homeless, it strikes one that, for all their diversity of styles, these gardens speak of various other fundamental urges, beyond that of decoration and creative expression.

　　One of these urges has to do with creating a state of peace in the midst of turbulence, a “still point of the turning world,” to borrow a phrase from T. S. Eliot. (47) A sacred place of peace, however crude it may be, is a distinctly human need, as opposed to shelter, which is a distinctly animal need. This distinction is so much so that where the latter is lacking, as it is for these unlikely gardeners, the former becomes all the more urgent. Composure is a state of mind made possible by the structuring of ones relation to ones environment. (48) The gardens of the homeless, which are in effect homeless gardens, introduce form into an urban environment where it either didnt exist or was not discernible as such. In so doing they give composure to a segment of the inarticulate environment in which they take their stand.

　　Another urge or need that these gardens appear to respond to, or to arise from, is so intrinsic that we are barely ever conscious of its abiding claims on us. When we are deprived of green, of plants, of trees, (49) most of us give in to a demoralization of spirit which we usually blame on some psychological conditions, until one day we find ourselves in a garden and feel the oppression vanish as if by magic. In most of the homeless gardens of New York City the actual cultivation of plants is unfeasible, yet even so the compositions often seem to represent attempts to call forth the spirit of plant and animal life, if only symbolically, through a clumplike arrangement of materials, an introduction of colors, small pools of water, and a frequent presence of petals or leaves as well as of stuffed animals. On display here are various fantasy elements whose reference, at some basic level, seems to be the natural world. (50) It is this implicit or explicit reference to nature that fully justifies the use of the word garden, though in a “liberated” sense, to describe these synthetic constructions. In them we can see biophilia—a yearning for contact with nonhuman life—assuming uncanny representational forms.

　　第二篇：

　　Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written carefully on ANSWER SHEET 2.(10 points)

　　Since the days of Aristotle, a search for universal principles has characterized the scientific enterprise. In some ways, this quest for commonalities defines science. Newtons laws of motion and Darwinian evolution each bind a host of different phenomena into a single explicatory frame work.

　　(46) In physics, one approach takes this impulse for unification to its extreme, and seeks a theory of everything—a single generative equation for all we see. It is becoming less clear, however,that such a theory would be a simplification, given the dimensions and universes that it might entail.Nonetheless, unification of sorts remains a major goal.

　　This tendency in the natural sciences has long been evident in the social sciences too. (47) Here,Darwinism seems to offer justification, for if all humans share common origins, it seems reasonable to suppose that cultural diversity could also be traced to more constrained beginnings. Just as the bewildering variety of human courtship rituals might all be considered forms of sexual selection,perhaps the world’s languages, music, social and religious customs and even history are governed by universal features. (48) To filter out what is unique from what is shared might enable us to understand how complex cultural behavior arose and what guides it in evolutionary or cognitive terms.

　　That, at least, is the hope. But a comparative study of linguistic traits published online today supplies a reality check. Russell Gray at the University of Auckland and his colleagues consider the evolution of grammars in the light of two previous attempts to find universality in language.

　　The most famous of these efforts was initiated by Noam Chomsky, who suggested that humans are born with an innate language-acquisition capacity that dictates a universal grammar. A few generative rules are then sufficient to unfold the entire fundamental structure of a language, which is why children can learn it so quickly.

　　(49) The second, by Joshua Greenberg, takes a more empirical approach to universality, identifying traits (particularly in word-order) shared by many languages, which are considered to represent biases that result from cognitive constraints.

　　Gray and his colleagues have put them to the test by examining four family trees that between them represent more than 2,000 languages. (50) Chomskys grammar should show patterns of language change that are independent of the family tree or the pathway tracked through it, whereas Greenber-gian universality predicts strong co-dependencies between particular types of word order relations. Neither of these patterns is borne out by the analysis, suggesting that the structures of the languages are lineage-specific and not governed by universals.

　　答案解析

　　第一篇：

　　46.然而，看到那些無家可歸的人所創建的花園的照片時，我們不禁會發現這一系列花園即使風格各異，揭示的卻是幾種其他的根本需求，不限于美飾與表達的范疇。

　　47.一處安恬的憩園，無論形式繁簡、構造如何，都很明顯是一種人性的需求，與此相反，一個棲身之所則是動物性明顯的需求。

　　48.無家可歸者的花園實際上是無家的花園，將形式引入了一個無形或無法辨認形式的.都市環境。

　　49.我們中的大多數人會感到精神不振，并通常把它歸咎于某種心理或神經上的失調;直到有一天我們置身花園，卻往往會發現郁悶之感奇跡般地消失殆盡。

　　50.正是這或明或暗的對自然界的指示使這些人工合成的建筑物完全夠得上“花園”之稱，盡管得稍稍“解放”這個詞的語義才能這么說。

　　第二篇：

　　46.物理學領域，一種做法把這種尋求大同理論的沖動推向極端，試圖尋找包含一切的理論——一個涵括我們所看到的一切的成性公式。

　　47.這里，達爾文學說似乎做出了證明，因為如果人類有著共同的起源，那么似乎就有理由認為文化的多樣性也可以追溯到更為有限的起源。

　　48.從共有特征中濾出獨有特征，這使我們得以理解復雜的文化行為是如何產生的，并從進化或認知的角度理解什么引導了它的走向。

　　49.第二次努力——由喬舒亞·格林堡做出——采用更為經驗主義的方法來研究語言的普遍性，確定了多種語言(尤其在語法詞序方面)的共有特征，這些特征被認為是代表了由認知限制產生的傾向性。

　　50.喬姆斯基的語法應該顯示出語言變化的模式，這些模式并不受語言譜系路徑的影響;而格林堡式的普遍性則預言了特定的語法詞序關系類型之間所存在的緊密互依性。

　　考研英語閱讀解析 2

　　原文

　　It was a brief, shining moment in Egypts history--a time of epochal change presided over by a Pharaoh named Akhenaten and his beautiful wife Nefertiti. During his 17-year reign the old gods were cast aside, monotheism was introduced, and the arts liberated from their stifling rigidity. Even Egypts capital was moved to a new city along the Nile called Akhetaten (modern Amarna). But like Camelot, it was short-lived, and its legacy was buried in the desert sands.

　　Now Akhenatens 3,400-year-old world has been brilliantly recalled in an exhibit titled "Pharaohs of the Sun: Akhenaten, Nefertiti, Tutankhamen," which opens this week at Bostons Museum of Fine Arts. Part of the citys eight-month tribute to ancient Egypt (operas, ballet and an IMAX film), it is a unique assemblage of more than 250 objects from Egypts 18th dynasty, some of which have languished unseen in storerooms and private collections for decades. They range from larger-than-life statues of Akhenaten to exquisitely sculpted reliefs and dazzling jewelry to such poignant reminders of everyday life as a perfectly preserved childs sandal.

　　The exhibit illuminates a murky period in Egyptian history that curator Rita Freed describes as having "all the elements of a soap opera." When Amenhotep IV, as he was originally called, ascended the throne in 1353 B.C., Egypt was a flourishing empire, at peace with its neighbors. Yet there were troubling signs. His father Amenhotep III had already challenged the powerful priesthood by proclaiming the sun god Aten as foremost among Egyptian deities and himself as his living incarnation.

　　His son shook things up even more, not only changing his name to honor the new god (Akhenaten means "one who serves Aten") but also banishing the older gods, especially the priestly favorite Amen. Some scholars believe Akhenatens monotheism, a historic first, inspired the Hebrew prophets, but it had the more immediate effect of freeing Egypts artists. They could now portray the Pharaoh and the voluptuous Nefertiti (who may have shared the throne with him) in a far more casual, realistic way. Akhenatens cone-shaped head, elongated face, fingers and toes, pot belly and flaring hips have led some scholars to suggest that he had hydrocephalus or Marfans syndrome.

　　He was certainly a revolutionary, propelled either by madness or by great vision. Still, his changes did not endure. After his death, his son-in-law (and perhaps son) Tutankhamen moved the political and religious capitals back to Memphis and Thebes respectively and reinstated the old gods. Egyptian art returned to its classic, ritualized style. And like Camelot, Akhenatens once bustling capital became only a mythic memory. "Pharaohs of the Sun" will remain in Boston until February, then travel to Los Angeles, Chicago and Leiden, the Netherlands.

　　重點詞匯

　　epochal adj. 劃時代的

　　monotheism n. 一神論

　　languish v. 持續不前；毫無進展

　　poignant adj. 深刻的；傷感的

　　murky adj. 昏暗的；不明朗的

　　curator n.（美術館）館長

　　incarnation n. 化身

　　banish v. 拋棄；廢除

　　voluptuous adj. 妖冶的；性感的

　　hydrocephalus n. 腦積水

　　Camelot 傳說中的地名，在英格蘭西南部，阿瑟和他的武士們曾居住于此

　　難句分析

　　1. Part of the city’s eight-month tribute to ancient Egypt (operas, ballet and an IMAX film), it is a unique assemblage of more than 250 objects from Egypt’s 18th dynasty, some of which have languished unseen in storerooms and private collections for decades.( Line 3, Paragraph 2)

　　主體句式：it is a unique assemblage…

　　結構分析：這是一個包含同位語和定語從句的長簡單句。其中 “Part of the city’s…”是主語it（指展覽）的同位語，定語從句 “some of which have ….”修飾名詞 objects。

　　句子譯文：這次展覽只是波士頓為期8個月的致意古埃及活動中的一部分（其它形式還有歌劇、芭蕾、一部IMAX電影）。這次獨特的展覽展出了埃及第18個王朝的250多件物品，其中有些物品幾十年來一直深藏于博物館或為私人所藏而不得面世。

　　2. They range from large-than-life statues of Akhenaten to exquisitely sculpted reliefs and dazzling jewelry to such poignant reminders of everyday life as a perfectly preserved child’s sandal.

　　主體句式： They range from … to … and … to such … as …

　　句子分析：其中最后一個to接的是“such…as”短語。

　　句子譯文：展品包羅萬象，既有阿肯納坦比真人還大的雕像，做工精致的浮雕，又有令人眼花繚亂的珠寶首飾，甚至還有日常生活起居用品，比如一只保存完好的童鞋。

　　篇章剖析

　　本篇文章以正在波士頓舉辦的一場展覽為引子，采用敘述的寫法，帶領讀者重溫了3400年前古埃及一段輝煌的歷史。

　　第一段簡介了太陽神法老統治時期埃及社會發生的變化，

　　接著在第二段中說明波士頓正在舉辦古埃及周，其中包括一場展覽，

　　第三、四段詳細說明兩任法老所做的變革，

　　最后一段說變革持續時間不長。

　　參考譯文

　　這是埃及歷史上短暫輝煌的時期，是法老阿肯納坦和他美麗的妻子奈菲提提統治下發生劃時代變革的時期。在他17年的統治期間，以往的多神論被摒棄，一神論被引入，藝術也從令人窒息的一成不變中解脫出來，甚至埃及的首都也遷到尼羅河邊的新城市阿肯納坦（現阿瑪納）。不過同卡蒙洛的結局一樣，這個時期持續時間不長，其遺跡也淹沒于漫漫黃沙。

　　現在，3400年前阿肯納坦時代的輝煌將在波士頓美術館被人們重溫。這兒正舉辦“太陽神法老：阿肯納坦、奈菲提提、塔坦卡門”展覽。這次展覽只是波士頓為期8個月的致意古埃及活動中的`一部分（其它形式還有歌劇、芭蕾、一部IMAX電影）。這次獨特的展覽展出了埃及第18個王朝的250多件物品，其中有些物品幾十年來一直深藏于博物館或為私人所藏而不得面世。展品包羅萬象，既有阿肯納坦比真人還大的雕像，做工精致的浮雕，又有令人眼花繚亂的珠寶首飾，甚至還有日常生活起居用品，比如一只保存完好的童鞋。

　　這次展覽向世人展示了埃及歷史上一段不為人所熟知的時期，一段被館長瑞塔弗瑞稱為擁有“肥皂劇全部要素”的時期。當阿蒙赫特普四世——阿肯納坦本來叫這名字——公元1353年上臺執政時，埃及國運昌盛，同鄰國友好相處。但也有征兆表明要出亂子。他的父親阿蒙赫特普三世已經質疑勢力強大的教會。他宣稱太陽神阿坦是埃及諸神中最具威力的神靈。他本人則是太陽神的轉世化身。

　　他兒子做的更甚。他不僅把自己的名字改為阿肯納坦（意為阿坦的仆人）以表示對太陽神的敬意，而且不許人們崇拜以往的神靈，特別是教會的至愛阿門神。有些學者認為阿肯納坦倡導的一神論——歷史上前無古人的做法——啟發了希伯來先知，但它對埃及的藝術發展則有更為直接的影響。它解放了埃及藝術家�，F在他們可以更為真實隨意的描畫法老和妖艷性感的奈菲提提（或許曾和阿肯納坦共同執政）。阿肯納坦的頭圓錐形，臉、手指和腳趾較常人略長，大腹便便，臀部肥大，這使得某些學者認為他曾得過腦積水。

　　不管他的所作所為是瘋狂所致還是由于遠見卓識，他都稱得上一位變革者。但這變革卻沒能持久。在他死后，他的女婿（或許也是兒子）塔坦卡門把政治中心移回孟斐斯，宗教中心移回底比斯。那些被摒棄的舊神重新歸位，埃及藝術又回到拘泥呆板的古典風格。正如卡蒙洛一樣，阿肯納坦時曾經繁華熙攘的首都現在只是神話中的記憶罷了�！疤柹穹ɡ稀闭褂[在波士頓持續到二月份，然后在前往洛杉璣、芝加哥、荷蘭的雷登市。

　　考研英語閱讀解析 3

　　TROUSER SUIT

　　The European Court sides with Levi Strauss in its battle with Tesco

　　IT WAS a ruling that had consumers seething with anger and many a free trader crying foul. On November 20th the European Court of Justice decided that Tesco, a British supermarket chain, should not be allowed to import jeans made by Americas Levi Strauss from outside the European Union and sell them at cut-rate prices without getting permission first from the jeans maker. Ironically, the ruling is based on an EU trademark directive that was designed to protect local, not American, manufacturers from price dumping. The idea is that any brand-owning firm should be allowed to position its goods and segment its markets as it sees fit: Levis jeans, just like Gucci handbags, must be allowed to be expensive.

　　Levi Strauss persuaded the court that, by selling its jeans cheaply alongside soap powder and bananas, Tesco was destroying the image and so the value of its brands——which could only lead to less innovation and, in the long run, would reduce consumer choice. Consumer groups and Tesco say that Levis case is specious. The supermarket argues that it was just arbitraging the price differential between Levis jeans sold in America and Europe——a service performed a million times a day in financial markets, and one that has led to real benefits for consumers. Tesco has been selling some 15,000 pairs of Levis jeans a week, for about half the price they command in specialist stores approved by Levi Strauss. Christine Cross, Tescos head of global non-food sourcing, says the ruling risks creating a Fortress Europe with a vengeance.

　　The debate will rage on, and has implications well beyond casual clothes (Levi Strauss was joined in its lawsuit by Zino Davidoff, a perfume maker). The question at its heart is not whether brands need to control how they are sold to protect their image, but whether it is the job of the courts to help them do this. Gucci, an Italian clothes label whose image was being destroyed by loose licensing and over-exposure in discount stores, saved itself not by resorting to the courts but by ending contracts with third-party suppliers, controlling its distribution better and opening its own stores. It is now hard to find cut-price Gucci anywhere.

　　Brand experts argue that Levi Strauss, which has been losing market share to hipper rivals such as Diesel, is no longer strong enough to command premium prices. Left to market forces, so-so brands such as Levis might well fade away and be replaced by fresher labels. With the courts protecting its prices, Levi Strauss may hang on for longer. But no court can help to make it a great brand again.

　　注(1):本文選自Economist; 11/24/2001, Vol. 361 Issue 8249, p58, 1/2p

　　注(2):本文習題命題模仿對象2001年真題text 5(其中因2001年真題text 5只有4個題目,所以本文第5題模仿參照對象為1999年 Text 1的第4題。)

　　1. Which of the following is not true according to Paragraph 1

　　[A] Consumers and free traders were very angry.

　　[B] Only the Levis maker can decide the prices of the jeans.

　　[C] The ruling has protected Levis from price dumping.

　　[D] Levis jeans should be sold at a high price .

　　2. Guccis success shows that _______.

　　[A] Gucci has successfully saved its own image.

　　[B] It has changed its fate with its own effort.

　　[C] Opening its own stores is the key to success.

　　[D] It should be the courts duty to save its image.

　　3. The word specious(line 12, paragraph 2) in the context probably means _______.

　　[A] responsible for oneself

　　[B] having too many doubts

　　[C] not as it seems to be

　　[D] raising misunderstanding

　　4. According to the passage, the doomed fate of Levis is caused by such factors except that ________.

　　[A] the rivals are competitive

　　[B] it fails to command premium prices

　　[C] market forces have their own rules

　　[D] the court fails to give some help

　　5. The authors attitude towards Levi’s prospect seems to be _______.

　　[A] biased

　　[B] indifferent

　　[C] puzzling

　　[D] objective

　　答案:B B C D D

　　篇章剖析

　　本文的結構形式為提出問題——分析問題。在第一段首先提出問題,指出歐洲法庭對特易購超市做出的裁決。第二段指出當事方對同一事件的不同看法和解釋。第三段指出爭論的核心問題在于是否應該借助法庭達到一些商業目的,并以古奇(Gucci)為例說明答案為否定。第四段對利維(Levis)的前景做出了評價和分析。

　　詞匯注釋

　　seethingadj.沸騰的, 火熱的

　　foul adj.下流的,粗俗的:

　　segment v.分割

　　innovation n.改革, 創新

　　specious adj. 似是而非的; 似乎正確的,但實際卻是謬誤的

　　arbitrage v. 套匯, 套利交易

　　with a vengeance 猛烈地;極度地

　　licensing n.注冊登記

　　discount n.折扣

　　resort vi.求助, 訴諸

　　premium n.額外費用, 獎金, 獎賞, 保險費, (貨幣兌現的)貼水

　　難句突破

　　1.Levi Strauss persuaded the court that, by selling its jeans cheaply alongside soap powder and bananas, Tesco was destroying the image and so the value of its brands——which could only lead to less innovation and, in the long run, would reduce consumer choice.

　　主體句式:Levi Strauss persuaded that …

　　結構分析:that之后是一個賓語從句;by之后的句子做伴隨狀語來修飾賓語從句;賓語從句中which又引導了一個非限制性定語從句。

　　句子譯文:利維斯特勞斯公司使法庭相信特易購把利維牛仔服與皂粉,香蕉等放在一起廉價銷售這一做法使其形象受損,品牌價位也因此受到了影響,這勢必會使產品缺乏新意,最終減少消費者的選擇。

　　題目分析

　　1.答案為B,屬事實細節題。原文對應信息是…should not be allowed … to sell them at cut-rate prices without getting permission first from the jeans maker.意思是只有事先經過牛仔褲生產商的同意才能打折銷售。是否只有生產商才能決定價格,我們不得而知。

　　2.答案為B,屬推理判斷題。文中提到問題的實質是whether it is the job of the courts to help them do this.后又以古奇(Gucci) saved itself not by resorting to the courts but by ending contracts with third-party suppliers, controlling its distribution better and opening its own stores. It is now hard to find cut-price Gucci anywhere.為例,說明它的成功并不是訴諸法庭,而是通過自身的努力和嘗試。

　　3.答案為C ,屬猜詞題。第二段開頭提出了利維公司(Levis)對特易購(Tesco)的指責,后又提出了特易購的反駁意見,前后兩者之間的'觀點應該是相反的。從而可猜出該詞的含義。

　　4.答案為D,屬推理判斷題。原文對應信息是最后一段。

　　5.答案為D,屬情感態度題。作者沒有任何偏頗的闡述整個事件。

　　參考譯文

　　法庭的裁決使消費者感到義憤填膺，很多自由貿易者也感到憤憤不平。11月20日，歐洲法庭對特易購(Tesco)這家英國連鎖超市做出了判決，特易購不能通過歐盟之外的渠道進口利維斯特勞斯公司生產的牛仔褲，并且沒有事先經過牛仔制造商的同意，不能打折銷售。具有諷刺意味的是，這項判決是根據歐盟商標法做出的，目的在于保護本地而非美國制造商免受價格傾銷的紛擾。其觀點是應該允許任何一家擁有自己品牌的公司給自己的產品定位，分屬適合的市場，比如利維牛仔褲，它就應該象古奇(Gucci)牌手提包一樣售價昂貴。

　　利維斯特勞斯公司使法庭相信特易購把利維牛仔褲與皂粉，香蕉等放在一起廉價銷售這一做法使其形象受損，品牌價位也因此受到了影響，這勢必會使產品缺乏新意，最終減少消費者的選擇。消費者和特易購卻認為利維公司貌似有理實則不然。特易購認為它只是從美國和歐洲銷售利維牛仔褲存在的價格差價中套利。這是一種在金融市場上天天都會進行上百萬次，并使消費者真正受益的商業行為。特易購一周之內以低于利維斯特勞斯公司授權專賣店一半的價格銷售15，000條牛仔褲。負責特易購全球非食品類主管克里斯廷克羅斯認為這一裁決會加大產生“歐洲堡壘”的風險。

　　這場爭論還將繼續下去，并且不單只局限于休閑服裝(季諾大衛多夫香水制造商也和利維斯特勞斯聯手訴訟)。這一問題實際上不在于品牌商品是否應該控制銷售方式來維護其形象，而在于是否應該借助法庭來幫助它們達到這一目的。許可經營管理松散并且在折扣店里頻頻出現毀壞了古奇這一意大利品牌服飾的形象，但它并沒有訴諸法庭，而是通過中止與第三方供應商的合同，更好的控制商品銷售，以及開專賣店等方式挽救了自己的命運。現在已經很難找到打折銷售古奇產品的地方了。

　　品牌專家認為利維斯特勞斯公司正在逐步喪失市場占有率，而讓步給Diesel這樣的競爭對手，它的實力已不足以使它對溢價具有掌控能力。在市場機制的作用下，象利維這樣的一般品牌很有可能會逐漸消失，被新的品牌所代替。由于法庭對其價格有保護作用，利維斯特勞斯公司可能會多維持一段時間，但是法庭卻無法幫它再成為知名品牌了。

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