高考英語(yǔ)沖刺語(yǔ)法講解：高考常考的定語(yǔ)從句八大類
明天就是高考了，今天小編給大家整理了一些實(shí)用簡(jiǎn)單的高考英語(yǔ)閱讀題解答技巧介紹資料，覺(jué)得有用的話快收藏吧。
定語(yǔ)從句是高中階段英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)的一個(gè)重點(diǎn)，也是學(xué)習(xí)的一個(gè)難點(diǎn)，更是常考的一個(gè)內(nèi)容。定語(yǔ)從句在高考各個(gè)題型中都會(huì)涉及到，掌握定語(yǔ)從句對(duì)于語(yǔ)言理解具有相當(dāng)重要的意義。定語(yǔ)從句在高考單項(xiàng)填空試題考查中，大多考查引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞，區(qū)別限制性定語(yǔ)從句與非限制性定語(yǔ)從句。總結(jié)最近十年來(lái)高考單項(xiàng)填空試題中所考查到的定語(yǔ)從句，發(fā)現(xiàn)常考的一共有八種類型，本文將對(duì)此作一小結(jié)。
第一種類型：考查which引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句
which指代整個(gè)主句的內(nèi)容，它引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句一般位于主句的后面，它的意思是“這(那)件事……”，在這些從句中which作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)。如：
1. Jim passed the driving test, _________ surprised everybody in the office. (浙江卷)A. which B. that C. this D. it
2. Helen was much kinder to her youngest son than to the others, _________, of course, made the others envy him.(天津卷)
A. who B. that C. what D. which
解析：which引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句并在從句中作主語(yǔ)。答案分別為AD。
第二種類型：考查as引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句
as也可指代整個(gè)主句的內(nèi)容，但不同于which的是，它引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句既可以位于主句的前面，也可以位于主句的后面。它的意思是“正如”，在這些從句中as 作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)。如：
1. _________ I explained on the phone, your request will be considered at the next meeting. (浙江卷)
A. When B. After C. As D. Since
2. _________ is reported in the newspapers, talks between the countries are making progress. (北京卷)
A. It B. As C. That D. What
3. _________ is often the case, we have worked out the production plan. (江蘇卷)
A. Which B. When C. What D. As
解析：引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句且位于主句之前，用as引導(dǎo)。答案分別為CBD。
第三種類型：考查由“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句
用于這種情況的關(guān)系代詞一般為which(指物)和whom(指人)。在這種結(jié)構(gòu)中，介詞的選擇非常關(guān)鍵，可以遵循以下四個(gè)原則：(1)根據(jù)定語(yǔ)從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞確定介詞，其動(dòng)詞與介詞搭配，構(gòu)成動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)。(2)根據(jù)定語(yǔ)從句中的形容詞確定介詞，其形容詞與介詞搭配，構(gòu)成形容詞短語(yǔ)。(3)根據(jù)定語(yǔ)從句修飾的先行詞確定介詞，其先行詞往往是表示時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、原因、方法、工具等的詞，它們與介詞之間有一定的聯(lián)系。當(dāng)“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”在定語(yǔ)從句中充當(dāng)時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、原因狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，可分別用when, where, why替換。(4)根據(jù)句子的意思確定介詞。有些句子，先行詞完全一樣，定語(yǔ)從句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞不是由固定的動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)構(gòu)成的，這時(shí)，要根據(jù)句子所要表達(dá)的意思，選用不同的介詞。如：
1. He was educated at a local grammar school, _________ he went on to Cambridge. (山東卷)
A. from which B. after that C. after which D. from this
2. The schools themselves admit that not all children will be successful in the jobs _________ they are being trained. (江西卷)
A. in that B. for that C. in which D. for which
3. I have many friends, some _________ are businessmen. (全國(guó)卷I)A. of them B. from which C. who of D. of whom
4. Mark was a student at this university from 1999 to 2003, _________ he studied very hard and was made Chairman of the Students’ Union. (2005年重慶卷)
A. during which time B. for which time
C. during whose time D. by that time
解析：第1題選C，after which 指“在此之后”;第2題選D，考查的對(duì)應(yīng)搭配是be trained for the jobs。第3題選D，some of whom意為“其中有幾個(gè)”。第4題選A，“他學(xué)習(xí)努力并被選為學(xué)生會(huì)主席”應(yīng)是“從1999至2003年這個(gè)期間里”所發(fā)生的事，所以用during which time。
第四種類型：考查由where, when, why引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句
關(guān)系副詞where, when, why引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，它們分別在從句中充當(dāng)?shù)攸c(diǎn)時(shí)間、原因狀語(yǔ)。如：
1.—Is that the small town you often refer to?
—Right, just the one _________ you know I used to work for years. (福建卷)
A. that B. which C. where D. what
2. If a shop has chairs_________ women can park their men , women will spend more time in the shop. (上海卷)
A. that B. which C. when D. where
3. I walked in our garden, _________Tome and Jim were tying a big sign onto one of the trees. (遼寧卷)
A. which B. when C. where D. that
4. I work in a business _________almost everyone is waiting for a great chance. (湖南卷)
A. how B. which C. where D. that
解析：第1—4 題均選where，表示“……的地方”，引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，表示地點(diǎn)。
第五種類型：考查whose 引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句
此時(shí)要注意三點(diǎn)：(1) whose 引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句，其后應(yīng)緊跟名詞，構(gòu)成“whose+名詞”;(2) whose 引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句，其先行詞不僅可以指人，還可以指物;(3) whose 引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句指物時(shí)，可用 of which 代替whose，但詞序不同，即whose+名詞=the +名詞+of which。如：
1. Last month, part of Southeast Asia was struck by floods, from _________ effects the people are still suffering. (天津卷)
A. that B. whose C. those D. what
2. George Orwell, _________was Eric Arthur, wrote many political novels and essays. (北京卷)
A. the real name B. what his real name
C. his real name D. whose real name
解析：這兩道題考查由whose引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句，whose在題中表示所屬關(guān)系。
第六種類型：考查分隔式定語(yǔ)從句
即所考查的定語(yǔ)從句與先行詞之間插有其他修飾語(yǔ)。做題時(shí)應(yīng)撇開(kāi)其中的修飾語(yǔ)，直接將先行詞與定語(yǔ)從句聯(lián)系起來(lái)。如：
1. The film brought the hours back to me _________ I was taken good care of in that far-away village. (全國(guó)卷)
A. until B. that C. when D. where
2. It was an exciting moment for these football fans this year, _________ for the first time in years their team won the World Cup. (北京春季卷)
A. that B. while C. which D. when
解析：第1題選C，先行詞是the hours，back to me 是插入先行詞與定語(yǔ)從句之間的干擾成分;第2題選D，定語(yǔ)從句修飾的先行詞是an exciting moment。第七種類型：考查關(guān)系詞省略的限制性定語(yǔ)從句
1.—Why does she always ask you for help?
—There is no one else _________, is there? (北京卷)
A. who to turn to B. she can turn to
C. for whom to turn D. for her to turn
解析：此題答案選B，先行詞是no one else，she can turn to前省略了作賓語(yǔ)的關(guān)系代詞whom或who。值得注意的是，本句還可以寫成to whom she can turn。
2. What surprised me was not what he said but _________ he said it. (年湖北卷)
A. the way B. in the way that
C. in the way D. the way which
解析：此題答案選A，考查the way后接定語(yǔ)從句的用法。the way后接定語(yǔ)從句有三種用法：(1) 用in which引導(dǎo);(2) 用that引導(dǎo);(3) 省略關(guān)系詞。此題屬于第三種用法。
第八種類型：考查定語(yǔ)從句與其他知識(shí)點(diǎn)的綜合運(yùn)用
1. He is the only one of the students who _________ a winner of scholarship for three years. (上海春季卷)
A. is B. are C. have been D. has been
解析：此題形式上好像只是考查主謂一致和時(shí)態(tài)的運(yùn)用，實(shí)際上關(guān)鍵是確定先行詞。代詞one前是否有定冠詞決定定語(yǔ)從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式，one of the students中的先行詞是the students，定語(yǔ)從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用復(fù)數(shù)形式;但此處the only one of the students中的先行詞是the only one，所以定語(yǔ)從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用單數(shù)形式。而且句子中因?yàn)橛袪钫Z(yǔ)for three years，要用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，所以綜合判斷后答案只能是D。
2. Meeting my uncle after all these years was an unforgettable moment, _________ I will always treasure. (全國(guó)卷)
A. that B. one C. it D. what
解析：答案選B。題中的one是an unforgettable moment的同位語(yǔ)，同時(shí)也是先行詞，其后就是一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句，I always treasure前省略了作賓語(yǔ)的關(guān)系代詞that，treasure在這里是及物動(dòng)詞，意思是“銘記，珍藏”。
高考英語(yǔ)考試中英語(yǔ)閱讀題是不容丟分的部分，也是與其他考生拉開(kāi)距離的地方，所以切記要多做題練題感。還有，夢(mèng)想還是要有的，萬(wàn)一考上了呢。小編也順便在這里預(yù)祝將要高考的同學(xué)們考試順利，高考英語(yǔ)六六六。
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