有序中孔炭的制備及其電化學(xué)性能
【中文摘要】 以煤炭液化副產(chǎn)物瀝青(A)、預(yù)瀝青(P)、及瀝青與預(yù)瀝青的混合物(M)為碳源,SBA-15為模板,采用模板法制備了有序中孔炭材料OMC-A、OMC-P及OMC-M。采用透射電鏡、X射線衍射、物理吸附等技術(shù)手段對(duì)產(chǎn)品的微觀形貌和結(jié)構(gòu)進(jìn)行了分析;在電化學(xué)工作站上測定了產(chǎn)品炭作為電極材料組裝電容器的電化學(xué)性能;探討了產(chǎn)品炭結(jié)構(gòu)與其電化學(xué)性能的關(guān)系。結(jié)果表明以三種碳源為原料制得的中孔炭產(chǎn)品均為模板結(jié)構(gòu)的反復(fù)制體,孔結(jié)構(gòu)高度有序,具有較高的比表面積及比孔容,比表面積為542～843m2·g-1,比孔容為0.5～0.7cm3·g-1。由三種產(chǎn)品中孔炭作為電極材料組裝成超級(jí)電容器進(jìn)行電化學(xué)性能測試,結(jié)果顯示均具有良好的電化學(xué)性能,在電解質(zhì)為6mol·L-1的KOH溶液的三電極體系下,1mA的電流強(qiáng)度時(shí),單電極質(zhì)量比電容值均高于300F·g-1,其中OMC-M的比電容值最高,達(dá)到413F·g-1。通過調(diào)節(jié)模板合成條件,制備了具有不同孔尺寸的模板劑,并由此制得孔尺寸不同的炭材料,考察了規(guī)則結(jié)構(gòu)中孔炭的孔徑尺寸對(duì)電化學(xué)性能的影響;改變炭化終溫制備了具有不同石墨化程度的中孔炭材料,考察了石墨化對(duì)電化學(xué)性能的影響。結(jié)果表明,材料的比表面積、孔道排列方式、石墨化程度和孔尺寸均為影響炭材料電化學(xué)性能的重要因素,在本文研究條件下,高比表面積有益于電容器比電容的提高,比電容值隨比表面積的增加而增加;孔排列有序度高,比表面積利用率高,有利于得到較高比電容值;石墨化程度的提高有利于電容器體系產(chǎn)生理想的電容行為;中孔炭材料孔徑在4nm時(shí)具有較高的比電容。
【英文摘要】 Asphaltene(A),preasphaltene(P),and the mixture of asphaltene and preasphaltene(M) extracted from coal liquefaction residue were taken as carbon precursors to synthesize ordered mesoporous carbons(OMCs).The OMCs of OMC-A,OMC-P and OMC-M were synthesized by template method,using SBA-15 as template.The microstructures of the carbons were studied by X-ray diffraction(XRD),transmission electron microscopy(TEM), and N2 adsorption.Electrochemical workstation was used to analyse the electrochemical characteristics of the capacitors assembled from the OMCs.The effect of pore structure on capacitance properties was discussed.The results show that the OMCs are all reverse replications of the template,and have highly ordered pore structures.The carbons have high specific surface areas and pore volumes,which range from 542～843m2·g-1 and 0.5～0.7cm3·g-1,respectively.The electrochemical characteristics of the capacitors from the OMCs were studied with 6mol·L-1 KOH as electrolyte in three-electrode system.The results indicate the excellent capacitance properties of the OMCs,of which the specific capacitances are above 300F·g-1 at the current intensity of 1mA.Among them OMC-M is as high as 413F·g-1.Ordered mesoporous carbons with different pore diameters were prepared by taking templates with various pore sizes,and the effect of pore size on capacitance properties was studied.Ordered mesoporous carbons with different graphitization degrees were produced by adjusting carbonization temperature and the impact of graphitization degree on capacitance properties was investigated.The results show all the specific surface areas,orderliness of pores,graphitization degrees,and pore sizes of the carbons have significant influence on their electrochemical characteristics:the specific capacitances were incrseased with the increase of the specific surface area;highly ordered pore structure leads to increasing utilizationon of specific surface area,which is benefical to improve specific capacitance;the increase of the graphitization degree results in the ideal electric double layer behavior;under the research conditions in this paper,the OMCs with pore diameter of 4nm have higher capacitances.
【中文關(guān)鍵詞】 瀝青; 預(yù)瀝青; 中孔炭; 模板法; 比電容
【英文關(guān)鍵詞】 Asphaltene; preasphaltene; mesoporous carbon; template method; capacitance
【畢業(yè)論文目錄】
摘要 4-5
Abstract 5
引言 8-9
1 文獻(xiàn)綜述 9-25
1.1 瀝青、預(yù)瀝青 9-12
1.1.1 瀝青及預(yù)瀝青的組成、結(jié)構(gòu)和性質(zhì) 9-11
1.1.2 瀝青、預(yù)瀝青的應(yīng)用 11-12
1.2 中孔炭的研究進(jìn)展 12-23
1.2.1 中孔炭的制備方法 13-20
1.2.2 中孔炭的性質(zhì)及其應(yīng)用 20-22
1.2.3 中孔炭的電化學(xué)性質(zhì)及其在超級(jí)電容器領(lǐng)域的應(yīng)用 22-23
1.3 本課題的研究目的及意義 23-25
2 基于瀝青、預(yù)瀝青的中孔炭的制備 25-34
2.1 實(shí)驗(yàn)部分 25-29
2.1.1 實(shí)驗(yàn)原料及設(shè)備 25-28
2.1.2 瀝青、預(yù)瀝青及其混合物的提取 28
2.1.3 中孔炭的合成方法 28-29
2.1.4 產(chǎn)品的表征 29
2.2 結(jié)果與討論 29-34
2.2.1 XRD分析 29-30
2.2.2 TEM分析 30
2.2.3 N_2吸附分析 30-33
2.2.4 小結(jié) 33-34
3 產(chǎn)品中孔炭的電化學(xué)性能 34-42
3.1 實(shí)驗(yàn)部分 34-35
3.1.1 實(shí)驗(yàn)原料及設(shè)備 34-35
3.1.2 電極的制備 35
3.1.3 產(chǎn)品的電化學(xué)性能測試 35
3.2 結(jié)果與討論 35-42
3.2.1 循環(huán)伏安測試 35-37
3.2.2 恒流充放電測試 37-40
3.2.3 交流阻抗譜測試 40-41
3.2.4 小結(jié) 41-42
4 中孔炭結(jié)構(gòu)對(duì)其電化學(xué)性能的影響 42-55
4.1 實(shí)驗(yàn)部分 42-43
4.1.1 實(shí)驗(yàn)原料及設(shè)備 42
4.1.2 中孔炭的合成 42-43
4.1.3 電極的制備 43
4.1.4 產(chǎn)品的表征 43
4.2 結(jié)果與討論 43-55
4.2.1 中孔炭的結(jié)構(gòu)特征 43-47
4.2.2 中孔炭的電化學(xué)性能 47-53
4.2.3 小結(jié) 53-55
5 炭化終溫對(duì)中孔炭電化學(xué)性能的影響 55-65
5.1 實(shí)驗(yàn)部分 55
5.1.1 實(shí)驗(yàn)原料及設(shè)備 55
5.1.2 中孔炭的合成 55
5.1.3 電極的制備 55
5.1.4 產(chǎn)品的表征 55
5.2 結(jié)果與討論 55-65
5.2.1 中孔炭的結(jié)構(gòu)特征 55-60
5.2.2 中孔炭的電化學(xué)性能 60-63
5.2.3 小結(jié) 63-65
結(jié)論 65-66
參考文獻(xiàn) 66-73
攻讀碩士學(xué)位期間發(fā)表學(xué)術(shù)論文情況 73-74
致謝 74-75
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