雅思口語(yǔ)一分鐘內(nèi)快速列出提綱的技巧
導(dǎo)語(yǔ)：在雅思口語(yǔ)第二部分的考試中，我們開(kāi)始論述前會(huì)有一分鐘的時(shí)間用考場(chǎng)提供的鉛筆和紙去做一個(gè)outline。但是在考場(chǎng)臨時(shí)想ideas一定不是一個(gè)明智之舉。建議考生一定要在入考場(chǎng)前做好充分準(zhǔn)備，然后才能在一分鐘內(nèi)很快列出提綱。幫助自己在真正論述的過(guò)程中保持思路的清晰。
在我們列提綱的時(shí)候一定要抓住結(jié)構(gòu)和關(guān)鍵詞。在有限的時(shí)間里，我們首先要保證結(jié)構(gòu)和思路的清晰。首先在考場(chǎng)中要確保有話(huà)可講，而且有條理可尋。其次，我們?cè)谟涗浰悸返臅r(shí)候只能記下關(guān)鍵詞，一般來(lái)說(shuō)關(guān)鍵詞首先是名詞，然后是形容詞，偶爾也會(huì)加入一些動(dòng)詞。也就是說(shuō)最為重要的是名詞。
其中如果涉及到邏輯概念或拓展概念則可用符號(hào)表示以節(jié)省時(shí)間。我們不必要去記很多的速記符號(hào)來(lái)加重自己的記憶負(fù)擔(dān)，而且每個(gè)人也可以根據(jù)習(xí)慣的不同選擇自己喜歡的符號(hào)。在這里，給大家介紹幾個(gè)比較常用的符號(hào)形式供大家參考。
|
否定 |
× |
導(dǎo)致，目的 |
→ |
|
因?yàn)?/p> |
∵ |
所以 |
∴ |
|
列舉 |
… |
舉例 |
eg |
|
轉(zhuǎn)折，讓步 |
|
類(lèi)比 |
＝ |
|
正面 |
＋ |
負(fù)面 |
－ |
|
對(duì)比 |
|
重點(diǎn) |
esp |
其實(shí)提綱就是關(guān)鍵詞加上用符號(hào)表示的邏輯關(guān)系和拓展關(guān)系。在我們成功列出提綱之后就要用英文連接詞將其還原成完整的句子。其實(shí)口語(yǔ)中的提綱是聽(tīng)力提綱的逆向運(yùn)用。聽(tīng)力中要求將一段話(huà)以提綱的形式做簡(jiǎn)要記錄，而口語(yǔ)中則要求將提綱還原成一段話(huà)。這時(shí)我們需要有連詞成句的能力，將關(guān)鍵詞以邏輯關(guān)系串連成句子，而這種邏輯關(guān)系其實(shí)也就是答案的拓展技巧。當(dāng)然，這些邏輯關(guān)系也可以通過(guò)句子直接表達(dá)，關(guān)系詞并不是必須的，而是一種很好的選擇。
在口語(yǔ)中的連接詞和常用的拓展關(guān)系詞不需要用的非常難，只需要記一些常用的就可以了。
|
× |
not, hardly, rarely |
→ |
lead to, result in, contribute to, give rise to in order to, so that, to |
|
∵ |
because, since, for, due to because of, owing to |
∴ |
thus, therefore, as a result |
|
… |
such as, including, no matter…or, whether…or |
eg |
for example, for instance, take…as an example |
|
|
although, but, though, yet, however, on the other hand, on the contrary, in spite of, despite |
＝ |
as, like, similar to, in the same way, just like, just as |
|
＋ |
advantage, benefit, merit, upside, plus point |
－ |
disadvantage, drawback, problem, demerit, downside, minus point |
|
|
compared with, different from, beat, in contrast |
esp |
Actually, in fact, especially, indeed, sure, without any doubt, best of all, worst of all |
{真題回放}
|
Describe one of your favorite dishes. You should say: From whom you learnt to cook it. How this dish is cooked. Who you usually cook for. And explain why you enjoy it. |
Steamed fish:
1. cook steamed fish; parents’ house, miss → ask to teach
I am not much of a cook, but I do cook one dish well—steamed fish…When I moved out of my parents’ house, I missed it so much that I asked mom to teach me how to cook it.
在這里我們可以先用反襯的手法來(lái)突出清蒸魚(yú)是我的拿手菜。所以在提綱中顯示了一個(gè)讓步。還原到口語(yǔ)中則用了but進(jìn)行了連接。接下來(lái)論述自己非常想念清蒸魚(yú)的味道，從而要母親教我如何烹飪。在原文中以so…that來(lái)做成連接。 easy
fish, live, fresh; ingredient…
procedure… fish, ginger, spring onions, mushrooms, chili;
dish, soy source, water, rest of ingredients;
rack, wok
提綱中的ingredient…和procedure…提示要列舉配料和制作方式，在這里沒(méi)有用連接詞表示，而是用句子直接論述了。
You also need ginger, spring onions, mushrooms and chili. First, clean the fish, cut the stalks of spring onions to almost 2 inch lengths, slice ginger and cut up mushrooms and chilies…
當(dāng)然，我們也可以用連接詞表述，如：You also need to prepare all the ingredients, including ginger… special occasion… ∵ friend, family;
steaming → flavor;
healthy
steamed fish junk food, takeaway
Fish is a dish that the Chinese usually make on special occasions. I continue cooking the steamed fish on birthdays, parties and festivals because my family and friends loves it. Steaming is the purest way to cook fish to bring out the delicate sweet flavor of it. Plus, it is healthy. It sure can beat any junk food or crappy takeaways.
在這里occasion…的拓展也沒(méi)有使用連接詞，而是在句子中直接體現(xiàn)了。當(dāng)然，我們也可以把它改成：Fish is a dish that the Chinese usually make on special occasions such as birthdays, parties and festivals.
列好提綱對(duì)于第二部分的考題回應(yīng)是非常重要的第一步。如果我們?cè)谟邢薜臅r(shí)間里很好的完成了這個(gè)步驟就能確保自己回答時(shí)邏輯清晰，思路順暢。同時(shí)學(xué)習(xí)一些常用的拓展方式能夠非常有效的組合句子，提高回答的質(zhì)量。
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