專四作文常用句型之引導句
引導語：專四作文常用句型之引導句，由應屆畢業生培訓網整理而成，謝謝您的閱讀。
一、There is a public / general / much debate /discussion / controversy today / nowadays on/ about / over / as to the problem / issue of....
Those who criticize / oppose / object to /contend / argue ... that....
They believe that ....
But people who advocate / favor ..., on theother hand, maintain / assert that....
1.There is much discussion today about whether fast economic growth is desirable. Thosewho criticize economic growth argue that we must slow down. They believe that society isapproaching certain limits on growth. These include the fixed supply of natural resources, andthe possible negative effects of industry on the natural environment. People who want moreeconomic growth, on the other hand, argue that even at thepresent growth rate, there are stillmany poor people, They maintain that only continued growth can create the capital needed toimprove the quality of life and provide the financial resources required to protect our naturalsurroundings from industrialization.
現在圍繞快速的經濟發展是否應該正展開一場熱烈的討論。那些持反對意見者認為我們必須放慢發展速度。他們說發展已接近某種極限!這其中包括有限的自然資源供應和工業對環境造成的消極影響。然而要求更快發展的人則認為，即使按目前的發展速度還是有許多窮人。他們認為經濟的持續快速發展才能創造提高生活質量所必需的資本，才能提供用來保護環境不受工業化破壞的資金。
2.There is a general debate on the campus today over the phenomenon of collegestudents' doing a part-time job. Those who object to it argue that students should not spendtheir precious time in this way. But people who advocate it, on the other hand, claim that, bytaking a major-related part-time job or summer job, students can not only improve theiracademic studies, but gain much experience, experience they will never be able to get from thetextbooks.
關于大學生打工這一現象，校園里正展開一場討論。反對大學生打工的人指出大學生不應該把寶貴的時間花在這上面。然而贊成者則認為，通過從事一些與專業有關的工作，可以提高學生的學習，還可獲得到書本上得不到的許多經驗。
二、When asked about..., the vast / overwhelmingmajority of / most / many / quite a few people say /think / believe / answer that.... But other peopleregard / view / see / think of.. . as.... / I think /viewquite / a bit differently.
如：
1. When asked about the biggest problem today, many people say that it is the seriousenergy crisis. They are afraid that the world will soon run out of oil and run short of food. Butother people hold optimistic views: they regard it as a natural result of the economicdevelopment and believe it will be only solved with further advances in economyand technology.
當問起世界上現在最大的問題是什么，許多人說是嚴重的能源危機。他們擔心人類不久會用完石油、發生食品短缺!但有些人則持樂觀的看法。他們把能源危機看成是經濟發展的自然結果，而且只有隨著經濟和技術的進一步發展才能得以解決。
2.When asked what kind of career they will pursue upon graduation, mist college studentssay that they would choose a job which will bring them lot of money and a conformable life.Working in a big bank or company is what they desire. But I think quite differently. I wouldprefer a career which will help realize my potentials.
當問起畢業后干什么，大多數大學生說，他們會找一個能給他們帶來許多錢和舒適生活的工作。在一家大銀行或大的公司里工作是他們所向往的。但是我的想法大不相同。我要選擇一個能夠發揮我的才能的職業。
三、When It comes to..., some people think / believethat.... Others argue / claim that the opposite /reverse is true.
There Is probably some truth in both arguments /statements , but....
1.When it comes to international sport such as theOlympic Games and the World Cup soccer game,some people believe that it creates goodwillbetween the nations and that if countries play gamestogether they will learn to live together. Others saythat the opposite is true: that international contests encourage false national pride and lead inmisunderstanding and hatred. There is probably a little bit of truth in both arguments, but inrecent years the Olympic Games have done little to support the view that sports encourageinternational brotherhood.
當說到國際體育比賽，諸如奧林匹克運動會和世界杯足球賽，有些人認為它能增進國與國之間的友善。如果許多國家在一起比賽交流，他們就會知道怎么一起生活。但另一些人則持相反的觀點。他們認為國際體育競賽只會造成虛假的民族自豪感，導致相互間的誤解和仇恨。這兩種觀點可能都有點道理，但是從最近幾年的奧林匹克運動會來看，很少能證明體育運動可以增進國與國之間的友好感情。
2.In the last decades, advances in medical technology have made it possible for people to livelonger than in the past. Yet when it comes to the desirability of extending the life of theterminally ill, some people, including some doctors, say that the quality of life is as important aslife itself, and that people should in be forced to go on living when the conditions of life havebecome unbearable. They argue that people should be allowed to die with dignity and decidewhen they want to die. However those who are in favor of life-extending measures argue thatlife under any circumstances is better than death and that the duty of doctors is always toextend life as long as possible. There is probably some truth on both sides, but recently thepublic clamor for the legalization of voluntary euthanasia seem increasingly strong.
在最近幾十年，醫學技術的進步使得人類有可能比過去活得長了。但是當論及延長一個無可挽救、瀕臨死亡的人的生命是否必要時，有些人，包括有些醫生認為生命的質量和生命本身同樣重要;當病情已變得不堪忍受了，就不應迫使這些人再活下去。他們堅持說應允許一個人尊嚴地死去，允許他們決定什么時候死。但是贊成采取延長生命的方法的人認為在任何情況下生總比死好;一個醫生的責任就是盡可能延長一個人的生命。或許雙方都有點道理，但是最近公眾要求對自愿安樂死合法化的呼聲似乎越來越高。
四、Now, It is commonly / generally / widelybelieved / thought / held / accepted / felt /recognized / acknowledged that....
They claim / believe / argue that ....
But I wonder / doubt whether ...
1.It is commonly believed that the rise in teenagesmoking is the inevitable result of economicdevelopment. They argue that if there are nocigarette advertisement on TV, no cigarettes available everywhere, and no adequate pocketmoney, teenagers are unlikely to take up the habit of smoking. But I doubt that it is asatisfactory explanation. While conceding the effect of advertising and other commercialfactors, I think that the primary cause is social and individual rather than economic.
人們普遍認為青少年吸煙人數上升是經濟發展不可避免的結果。他們認為：如果電視上沒有香煙廣告，香煙不是到處可買得到，孩子的零用錢不是很多的話，青少年不太可能染上吸煙的習慣。但我懷疑這是否是一個滿意的解釋。雖然有廣告和其它商業因素的影響，我認為主要原因是社會和個人因素而不是經濟上的。
2.It is widely felt that there is a fear plainly uppermost in the minds of most people today.They are afraid of the future, and if you ask them why, they conveniently blame the atomicbomb. But I suspect that the nuclear weapon is only the scapegoat for our fears. We are notafraid of the future because of a bomb. We are afraid of bombs because we have no faith in thefuture. I believe people no longer have faith in our ability to control our own future.
人們普遍感到現在大多數人明顯地有一種恐懼感。他們怕將來。如果問他們為什么怕，他們會很隨意地怪原子彈。但我懷疑，核武器不過是我們害怕的替罪羊。我們怕將來不是因為有了原子彈，說我們怕原子禪，實際上是對未來沒有信心。我認為人們對自己是否有能力控制將來已喪失信心了。
五、Recently the rise in / phenomenon of /problem of / question of ... has drawn /aroused public / popular / grave / world-wideattention / caused /aroused wide / general /considerable / international concern / arisen/loomed up /cropped up as controversial /asnoteworthy/more distinctly for settlement
1.Recently, the alarm about the problem of theuse of genetic technologies on human beings havecaused wide public concern, and understandably so.With nuclear energy threatening globalcatastrophe and with so many other technological advances visibly damaging the quality oflife, who would wish to have scientists tampering with man's inner nature? Indeed, fear of suchmanipulation may amuse even more anxiety than fear of death.
最近，有關把遺傳技術用于人類自身而產生的問題的警示已引起了公眾的廣泛關注。這是可以理解的。核能開發正威脅著全球的生存，其它許多技術進步也正明顯地危害生活的質量。在這種情況下，誰還會希望科學家來任意改變人體內部機能呢?確實，害怕對人的操縱所引起的擔憂可能會超過對死亡的害怕。
2.Recently psychologists have found only about two percent of adults use their creativity,compared with ten percent of seven-year-old children. When five-year-olds were tested, theresult soared to ninety percent! The findings set off many people thinking. Curiosity andoriginality are daily occurrences for the small child, but somehowmost of us lose the freedomand flexibility of the child as we grow older. The need to follow "directions" and "do-it-right",plus the many societal constraints we put on ourselves, prevent us from using our creativepotential.
最近，心理學家發現在使用自己創造力方面，成人只有2%，而7歲的兒童竟有10%。如果在5歲的兒童中測試，這個數上升到90%。這些發現引起許多人思索。好奇心和創造性每天可在小孩子身上發現，而當我們逐步長大成人，多數人喪失了孩子的那種自由和靈活性。“按常規去做”，“按正確的去做”，以及種種社會的清規戒律把我們束縛住了，使我們無法發揮自己的創造潛力。
六、Recently the issue / problem / question of... hasbeen in the limelight. / brought into focus. / broughtto public attention. / posed among the generalpublic.
1.The problem of development vs. environmenthas now been in the limelight. Nowhere is the clashmore visible than in China, where the world's largestpopulation faces pollution, deforestation and acidrain on a large scale.
現在發展與環境的問題已成為人們議論的中心。在中國這對矛盾表現得尤為明顯。這個世界上人口最多的國家正面臨著大量的環境污染、森林減少以及酸雨的襲擊。
七、To the general public / To most people / Inthe popular mind / In most people's opinion ....
But despite / in spite of / for all .... I believe.... / one should ...
1.In the popular mind, it is immediately assumedthat when morals are discussed, it is sexual moralsthat are meant. The morals of salesmen, doctors,and taxi drivers are only moderately interesting tothe general public, while the relations between men and women are frequent themes in novelsand movies, themes which no amount of repetition makes stale. Yet in spite of this immensepreoccupation with sex, much attention should be drawn to the general moral standards.
當討論起道德問題時，大多數人會立即認為是指性道德。一方面售貨員、醫生和出租車司機的職業道德不大為公眾所關心，而另一方面男女間的關系卻是小說和電影中經常出現的主題，再怎么不斷重復也不會失去其新鮮感。因此盡管人們對性的題目津津樂道，我認為應注意整個道德水平。
2.To most Chinese parents, college is a place their children should go. And their children, forthe most part, are also anxious to go. It is in Chinese tradition that there is something about acollege that transfers an ordinary child into a superior adult. But in spite of this belief, menand women who have been to college suspect that this is not the case.
大多數中國父母看來，大學是他們的子女應該去的地方。而他們的孩子在大多數情況下也渴望上大學。中國的傳統觀點是大學能把一個普普通通的孩子培養成一個超人一等的人。但是盡管人們有這個觀點，凡是讀過大學的人卻認為情況并非如此。
八、Now a lot of / the majority of / many / mostpeople believe / think / feel that....
But although / Admittedly, ... there is no / littleevidence that / it is questioned /doubted ...
1.A lot of people believe that television has aharmful effect on children. A few years ago, the samecriticisms were made of the cinema. But althoughchild psychologists have spent a great deal of timestudying this problem, there is not much evidencethat television brings about juvenile delinquency.
許多人都認為電視會給孩子帶來危害。前幾年，對電影也有類似的指責。然而盡管青少年心理學者花了許多時間來研究這個問題，卻很少有證據表明電視造成了青少年犯罪。
2.Most people believe that our society of consumption creates the greatest happiness for thegreatest number. Although this view is widely held, there is little evidence that Money bringsabout happiness. Instead, we find our present way of life leads to increasing anxiety,helplessness, and, eventually, to the disintegration of our culture. I refuse to identifyconsumption with joy and fun with happiness.
許多人認為，我們這個消費社會給絕大多數人帶來了最大的幸福。盡管人們普遍這樣認為，卻很少有證據表明錢能給人帶來幸福。相反，我們發現，現在的全活方式使人越來越感到焦慮不安，孤立無援，最終導致我們文化的崩潰。我不認為消費就是快樂，玩樂就是幸福。
3.There is some feeling nowadays that reading is not as necessary as it once was. Radio andespecially television have taken over many of the functions once served by print. Admittedly,television serves some of these functions extremely well; the visual communication of newsevents, for example, has enormous impact. The ability of radio to give us information while weare engaged in doing other things ------ for instance, driving a car ------ is remarkable, anda great saving of time. But it may be seriously questioned whether the advent of moderncommunications media has much enhanced our intellectual skills.
現在有些人覺得，閱讀沒有像過去那樣有必要了。無線電廣播，尤其電視已代替了曾經由印刷所起的許多作用。確實，電視極好地發揮了其中的一些功能，如新聞通過圖像來傳送有很大的影響。無線電廣播能使我們邊干事，如開車，邊收聽消息，真是了不起，且可節約許多時間。但是人們或許會認真發問，這些現代傳播媒體的出現是否已提高了我們的知識技能。
九、In reaction / response / answer to theevent / phenomenon / idea / question , somepeople say / think ....
But do they realize...?
1.Now most people get their news and informationabout the things that are happening at home andabroad from television. They believe the things theyhear and see on television. Probably most of theinformation is true, and we can believe it. But shallwe always believe the information which television gives us? Do we never suspect that the giveninformation might be slanted, distorted or the truth totally denied?
現在大多數人都是從電視上知道國內外發生的事和新聞的。他們都相信在電視上看到和聽到的事。大多數消息可能是真的，我們能相信。但是我們是否總是要相信電視給我們的消息呢?難道我們從不懷疑所給的消息可能有偏見，或已歪曲了，或真相已被徹底隱瞞了?
2.In the past few years big business has fallen to a low level in public esteem. A recent Galluppoll shows that big business came in last, in terms of the quality of the products, among allthe enterprises which sell household appliances in Shanghai; at the top of the list were smallbusiness or business from small towns. in response to the poll, many businessmen argue thatthis public attitude is due to the inadequacy of their advertising and can be cured by steppingup their advertising campaigns. They are only fooling themselves. Do they realize that the realproblem for their loss of public respect is what they have been doing, not what they have beensaying about themselves?
在過去幾年里，大企業在公眾中的信譽已下降到一個低水平。最近的蓋洛普民意測驗表明，就產品質量來說在上海出售家用電器的所有企業中，大企業位居榜末，而小企業或鄉鎮企業名列前茅。對此許多大企業人士認為公眾的這種態度是由于廣告宣傳不夠造成的，只要加大廣告宣傳聲勢，就會扭轉局面。這是在自欺欺人。難道他們沒有認識到失去公眾信譽的真正問題在于他們所做的，而不是所說的?
十、The / Its method / way / value / wisdom s nowbeing questioned / challenged by more and morepeople.
1.Throwing criminals in jail is an ancient andwidespread method of punishment, but is it a wiseone? It does seem reasonable to keep wrongdoersin a place where they find fewer opportunities to hurtinnocent people, and where they might discoverthat crime doesn't pay. The system has long beenconsidered fair and sound by those who want to seethe guilty punished and society protected. Yet thevalue of this form of justice is now being questioned by more and more people.
把罪犯丟進監獄是個古老又被廣泛采用的懲罰方法。但這個方法是否明智?把做壞事的人關在一個地方，使他們沒有機會再損害無辜的人，使他們感到犯罪劃不來，似乎確實有道理。這種制度一直被那些希望罪惡得到懲罰，社會得到保護的人視為公平而有效。但是這種司法形式的合理性現在正受到越來越多的人的質疑。
2.Required class attendance, like an old custom, is so common in in Chinese colleges anduniversities that many teachers and even students themselves simply assume it is a goodthing. But is it a wise method? It does contribute to the rise in the number of studentsattending class. But is there any proven co-relation between attendance and performance in acourse? The value of required attendance is now being questioned by more and more teachersand students.
上課點名制，如同一種古老習俗，在中國的大學里非常普遍，許多教師甚至學生自己都認為這種做法是對的。但這種方法是否明智?上課點名確實有助于學生出勤率的上升，但是到教室上課和這個學生在這門課上的學習表現，兩者之間是否已證實有聯系?上課點名制度的合理性已受到越來越多的教師和學生的懷疑。
十一、These days we often hear about....
They claim / argue / say that....
But has / is it?
Close examination / analysis / scrutiny doesn'tbear out the claim. / argument.
1.These days we often hear about "the classlesssociety". They say that all men are equal, and theycan enjoy the same educational and job opportunities, and the distinction between rich andpoor has lost. But has it? Close examination doesn't bear out the claim.
近來我們一直聽到關于“無階級社會”的說法。他們稱人人平等他們都享受同等的教育機會和工作機會;窮人和富人的界限已經消失。果真如此嗎?略細分析一下，就證明這種觀點站不住腳。
2.These days I have heard many exasperated students and working adults alike express astrong desire to take an English course and a computer course. They believe that suchknowledge will enhance their job opportunities or promotion opportunities. But will it? Theinformation I've collected over last few years leads me to believe that this knowledge may beless useful than most people think.
這些日子我聽到不少因學習或工作而感到痛苦的學生和工人表示要上英語課或電腦課的強烈愿望。他們認為這些知識會增加他們找工作、晉級的機會。是這樣嗎?從我最近幾年得到的材料來看，我認為這些知識并不像大多數人認為的那么有用。
十二、We are often shown / told these daysthat....
But is this really the case?
1.We are often told that technological know-how,acquired in exploring space, will be utilized to makelife better on earth. Is this really the case? What hasthe space exploration done to relieve the sufferingof the earth's starving millions? In what way has itraised the standard of living of anyone of us? Man may put human beings on the moon, butthere is growing skepticism about his ability to solve human problems closer to home.
我們經常聽說在探索空間中獲得的技術知識將用來改善我們地球上的人的生活。情況真的如此嗎?太空探索對減輕地球上正在挨餓的千百萬人的痛苦到底做了什么呢?它從什么方面提高了我們的生活水平呢?人類能夠把人自己送上月球，但人們越來越懷疑其解決地球上人自己問題的能力。
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