英語語法時態學習要領
過去進行時
謂語動詞構成：I/he/she/it was working; we/you/they were working
(1)表示過去某一時刻或過去某段時間內正在進行的動作，一般要有表示過去時間的狀語
At that time she was working in Oxford. 那時，她正在牛津大學工作.
It was raining at 6 o'clock this morning. 今天早晨六點鐘天正下著雨.
What were you doing when I phoned you last night? 昨晚我給你打電話時你在干什么？
(2)可用來表示由過去某時持續到另一時間的過去動作
He was studying in Cambridge between 1999 and 2001.
在1999年和2001年那段時間，他在劍橋學習.
From January to March I was traveling in Egypt.
從3月份到4月份期間，我在埃及旅游.
(3)表示故事發生的背景
It was a sunny morning. Some people were sitting on the riverbank. Some were walking with their dogs. Several boys were playing football nearby...
一個陽光明媚的清晨.河堤上坐著幾個人.有的人在溜狗.不遠處有幾個男童在踢足球...
(4)與某些動詞連用時，代替過去將來時
這類動詞有 come來, go去, leave離開, start開始, stay逗留 等.主語必須是人.
He telephoned me, saying that his aunt was coming to see me soon.
他打電話給我，說他姨很快就要看我了.
現在完成時
謂語動詞構成：I/we/you/they have worked; he/she/it has worked
(1)表示過去某一時刻發生，且延續到現在的動作或狀態，這種情況常與表示一段的時間狀語連用
We have lived here since last October. 自從去年十月份我們就一直住在這兒。
She has studied English for 5 years. 她學英語已有5年之久
(2) 表示某個已經發生且對現在造成影響或結果的動作，這種情況常不與任何時間狀語連用
I'm sorry I have lost my key. I can't open the door.
對不起，我把鑰匙弄丟了.門開不了了.
She has left. If you want to see her, you'll have to come tomorrow.
她已經走了.如果你想見她的話，你得明天再來一趟.
一般將來時
謂語動詞構成：I/ we shall work ， he/ she/ it/ you/ they will work
will在陳述句中用于各人稱，在疑問句中常用于第二人稱
(1)表示將要發生的動作
Perhaps I shall play a visit to France this winter.
我可能在今年冬天到法國觀光。
Will you be at home at seven this evening? 今晚七點你會在家嗎？
(2)“be going to +不定式”多用于口語中，表示打算、將要發生的事.
What are you going to do tomorrow? 明天你要干什么？
Look at the dark clouds, there is going to be a storm. 看那烏云，暴風雨快來了.
(3)“be +不定式”表示安排或計劃好了的動作
When are they to hand in their plan? 他們的計劃什么時候交上來？
The queen is to visit Japan next year. 女王將于明年訪日.
(4)“be about +不定式”表示即將發生的動作
He is about to retire. 他即將退休.
The English evening is about to begin. 英語晚會即將開始.
(5)come，go等動詞用“一般現在時”表示按規定、計劃或時間表將要發生的事
He starts next week. 他下個星期出發.
We leave very soon. 我們很快就離開.
(6)come，go等動詞在口語中用“現在進行時”表示主語計劃將要作的動作
They are leaving for New York tomorrow. 明天他們將要動身前往紐約.
Is your brother departing soon? 你的兄弟很快就要啟程嗎？
過去完成時
謂語動詞構成：I/we/you/they had worked; he/she/it had worked
(1)表示過去某一時刻之前已經完成的動作，常與由by，before引導的時間狀語連用
We had learned 5000 words by the end of last month.
到上個月底為止我已經學了五千個單詞.
I had finished the composition before supper. 晚飯前我就已經把作文寫完了.
(2)表示過去某一動作之前已經完成的動作，常與由when，before等連詞引導的時間狀語從句連用
When I woke up it had already stopped raining. 我醒來的時候雨就已經停了.
I hadn't learned any English before I came here. 我來這兒之前沒學過英語.
(3)用于賓語從句或間接引語中
I wondered who had taken the umbrella without permission.
我想知道誰不經允許就把雨傘拿去.
He told me that he had passed the exam. 他告訴我他已通過考試.
(4)某些動詞的過去完成時表示一個打算要做卻沒有做成的事.
I had intended to come over to see you last night, but someone called and I couldn't get away. 昨晚我本打算來看你，但有人來找，脫不開身.
We had hoped to catch the early bus, but found it was gone.
我們本來希望乘早班車，卻發現車已開了.
(5)用于表示與過去事實相反的虛擬條件從句中
If you had come yesterday, you would have met him.
如果你昨天來的話，你就已經見到他的面了.
She would have come if she hadn’t been so busy.
要不是這么忙的話，她就已經來了.
現在完成時
謂語動詞構成：I/we/you/they have worked; he/she/it has worked
(1)表示過去某一時刻發生，且延續到現在的動作或狀態，這種情況常與表示一段的時間狀語連用
We have lived here since last October. 自從去年十月份我們就一直住在這兒。
She has studied English for 5 years. 她學英語已有5年之久
(2) 表示某個已經發生且對現在造成影響或結果的動作，這種情況常不與任何時間狀語連用
I'm sorry I have lost my key. I can't open the door.
對不起，我把鑰匙弄丟了.門開不了了.
She has left. If you want to see her, you'll have to come tomorrow.
她已經走了.如果你想見她的話，你得明天再來一趟.
現在進行時
謂語動詞構成：I am =I’m working , she/he/it is = he’s等 working
, We/you/they are =We’re等working
(1)表示說話時正在進行或發生的動作
Please don’t make so much noise, I’m writing a composition.
不要吵鬧,我正在寫作文.
Let’s set off, it isn’t raining now.咱們出發把,現在天不下雨了.
(2)有時通過上下問可以判斷出應采用何種時態
Its four o’clock in the afternoon, the children are playing football on the sports ground.現在是下午4點,孩子們在操場上踢足球.
(3)表示現階段正在進行而說話時不一定在進行的動作
We are working in a factory these days.這幾天我們在一家工廠工作.
They are compiling a dictionary.他們在編一本詞典.
(4)在口語中表示主語計劃將要做的動作
They are leaving for New York tomorrow.明天他們將要動身前往紐約.
(5)現在進行時與always等副詞連用時帶有感情色彩
He's always quarrelling with others.他老喜歡跟別人吵架.
She is constantly worrying about her son's health. 她不停地為她兒子的健康擔心著.
The boy is forever asking questions.那個男孩老是提問問題.
(6)有的現在進行時句子和一般現在時同義。用現在進行時表示問者的關切心情
How are you feeling today? 你今天感覺如何？
I am looking forward to your next visit.我盼望你下次再來.
Why are you looking so sad? 為什么你看起來這么愁眉苦臉的樣子呢？
(7)有的動詞用于現在進行時表示“逐漸”的含義
Our study is becoming more interesting. 我們的學習變得越來越有趣了.
The leaves are turning red. 樹葉漸漸地變紅了.
Wait a moment， I am finishing my supper. 等一會兒，我的晚飯就要吃完了.
(8)“be”動詞的現在進行時。“be”動詞用于現在進行時表示說話者認為是短暫的、和平常不一樣的、甚至是偽裝的.
He is being foolish. 他在裝傻.
He is being honest. 他表現得特別老實.
I can't understand why he is being so selfish.我不明白此時他為何如此自私.
一般過去時
謂語動詞構成：I/we/you/they worked, he/she/it worked
(1)表示過去某個特定時間發生的動作或存在的狀態
We didn’t have classes last week.上周我們沒有上課.
(2)表示過去的習慣性或經常發生的動作
I went to the cinema once a week when i was at school.
我上學時每周去看一次電影.
When i was in the countryside, I often walked by the riverside.
我在鄉下時經常去河邊散步.
(3)敘述過去連續發生的一件件事
She got up early, fetchet water, cleaned the room and then went out for a walk.
她早早起床,提水,打掃房間然后出去散步.
(4)在條件、時間狀語從句中代替過去一般將來時
They side they would let me know as soon as they got there.
他們說只要他們一到達那兒就會馬上讓我知道.
He side he would not go if it rained.他說如果下雨他就不去.
(5)用于虛擬語氣
If only i were a bird.要是我是只鳥就好了.
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