高中英語寫作的技巧

時間：2024-06-16 22:50:45 英語寫作

高中英語寫作的技巧

　　英文寫作是一個學(xué)生英語綜合能力的書面體現(xiàn)，它需要一個長期復(fù)雜的訓(xùn)練過程。下面YJBYS小編為大家搜索整理的關(guān)于高考英語寫作的技巧，供大家參考學(xué)習(xí)，希望對您有所幫助。

高中英語寫作的技巧

　　1、審題：審題是做到切題的第一步。所謂審題就是要看清題意，確定文章的中心思想、主題，并圍繞中心思想組織材料。

　　2、進(jìn)行構(gòu)思，列出簡單的提綱，打造文章之骨架：審好題、立好意后，就要寫提綱，打造文章的骨架。文章布局要做好幾件事：安排好層次段落，鋪設(shè)好過渡，處理好開頭和結(jié)尾。

　　3、擴(kuò)展成文：根據(jù)字?jǐn)?shù)多少擴(kuò)展成篇。擴(kuò)展的內(nèi)容一定要緊扣主題，千萬不要寫那些與主題不相關(guān)的內(nèi)容。展開的方式包括：順序法、舉例法、比較法、對比法、說明法、因果法、推導(dǎo)法、歸納法和下定義等。可以根據(jù)需要任選一種或幾種方式。

　　在這一步驟中還需注意三方面問題：

　　1)確保提綱中段落結(jié)構(gòu)的思路與各段主題句的一致性。只有這樣，才能保證所寫段落不偏題、不跑題。

　　2)要綜合考慮各個段落的內(nèi)容安排，避免段落內(nèi)容的交叉。

　　3)用好連接詞，注意段落間、句子間的連貫性。要做到所寫文章層次分明，思路清晰，文字連貫，就需要在句與句之間、段與段之間架起一座座橋梁，而連接詞起的正是橋梁作用。

　　在擴(kuò)展的過程中也有些竅門，以下幾點(diǎn)可供參考：

　　1)在整篇文章中，避免只是用一兩個句式或重復(fù)用同一詞語。英語中存在著極為豐富的同義詞，準(zhǔn)確地使用同義詞可以給讀者清新的感覺。同時要靈活運(yùn)用各種句式，如倒裝句、強(qiáng)調(diào)句、省略句、主從復(fù)合句、對比句、分詞短語、介詞短語等，從而增加文章的可讀性。

　　2)使用不同長度的句子。如果一個意思用一句話寫不清楚的話，通過分句和合句或用兩句、三句來表達(dá)，增強(qiáng)句子的連貫性和表現(xiàn)力。

　　3)改變句子的開頭方式，不要總是以主、謂、賓、狀的次序。可以把狀語至于句首，或用分詞等。

　　4)學(xué)會使用過渡詞。

　　(1) 遞進(jìn)furthermore，moreover，besides，in addition，then，etc

　　(2) 轉(zhuǎn)折however，but，nevertheless，afterwards，etc

　　(3) 總結(jié)finally，at last，in brief，to conclude，etc

　　(4) 強(qiáng)調(diào)really，indeed，certainly，surely，abovea11，etc

　　(5) 對比in the same way，just as，on the other hand，etc

　　5)確定文章用第幾人稱寫，基本時態(tài)是什么。使用人稱時人物不能張冠李戴或指代不明。時態(tài)要盡量保持一致。

　　4、檢查修改：要檢查復(fù)核，不要寫完了事。

　　要留時間通讀全文，修改可能出現(xiàn)的錯誤。檢查上下文是否連貫，句子銜接是否自然流暢。檢驗的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)主要是句子是否通暢，該用連詞的地方用了沒有，所用的連詞是否合適，是否有語法錯誤，主謂是否一致，動詞的時態(tài)、語態(tài)、語氣的使用是否正確，詞組的搭配是否合乎習(xí)慣，是否有大小寫、拼寫、標(biāo)點(diǎn)錯誤等，還有就是注意卷面整潔。

　　可歸納為：中心突出，主題明確;層次清楚，條理清晰;表達(dá)力強(qiáng)，傳情達(dá)意;語句通順，句型多變;過渡自然，銜接緊湊;標(biāo)點(diǎn)正確，大小無誤;字跡清楚，卷面整潔。

　　以上是一些寫作技巧以及相關(guān)的一些注意事項。下面我們來看看一些最近幾年常見的體裁及可借鑒的寫作模式。

　　一、議論文

　　議論文要求學(xué)生就某一方面的問題通過擺事實(shí)、講道理的方式來發(fā)表自己的看法。一般來說，議論文由論點(diǎn)、論據(jù)、論證三部分組成。要做到：1)論點(diǎn)要正確無誤。2)論據(jù)要可靠充分。論據(jù)可以是人們公認(rèn)的真理，也可以是經(jīng)過實(shí)踐考證的經(jīng)典著作。3)論證要合理嚴(yán)密。人們常用的論證方法有歸納法、推理法、對比法。議論文一般按提出問題、解決問題的邏輯順序來安排層次。

　　(一)議論文的寫作步驟

　　1、引言(introduction)：由于英語作文受時間、字?jǐn)?shù)的限制，因此，在引言段中作者就必須簡單解釋要討論的問題，并明白地亮出自己的觀點(diǎn)，如提倡什么，支持什么，反對什么等。

　　2、展開段(supporting sentences)：展開段是議論的過程，作者必須有足夠的證據(jù)(adequate proofs)來論證自己的觀點(diǎn)。一般可提出一個或兩個proofs, 并對此用一兩句話分別進(jìn)行闡述。

　　3、結(jié)論(conclusion)：結(jié)論段可以用一兩句話來結(jié)束文章。同時要注意與引言段呼應(yīng)，但不能照搬前面的原話。

　　(二)議論文的類型

　　英語議論文根據(jù)命題特點(diǎn)，從形式上來看可分為如下類型:

　　1、對問題“一分為二”的觀點(diǎn)。這類文章大多結(jié)合當(dāng)前時事，要求學(xué)生就某種現(xiàn)象談其利弊。如“轎車大量進(jìn)入家庭后，對家庭、環(huán)境、經(jīng)濟(jì)可能產(chǎn)生的影響”。此類文章的模式及套語如下，僅供參考：

　　第一段：

　　nowadays more and more people…/… plays an important part in… likeeverything else… has /have both favorable and unfavorable aspects (bothadvantages and disadvantages). generally, the favorable aspects (advantages)can be listed as follows.

　　第二段：

　　first…secondly…in addition(what’s more)…

　　第三段：

　　every coin has two sides. the negative aspects (advantages) arealso apparent (obvious). to begin with… to make matters worse… worst of all…

　　第四段：

　　through above analysis/all things considered, we can see that thepositive aspects(advantages) outweigh the negative aspects(disadvantages).therefore …

　　2、“兩者選一”的觀點(diǎn)。這要求學(xué)生在a和b之間作一選擇或比較，如“乘火車還是乘飛機(jī)”。

　　第一段：

　　some people hold the opinion that (a) is superior to (b) in manyways. others , however, argue that (b) is much better. personally, i wouldprefer (a) because (a) has more advantages.

　　第二段：

　　there are many reasons why i prefer (a). the main reason is that…. another reason is that…

　　第三段：

　　of course, choosing (b) also has advantages to some extent.(giveone or two advantages of b)

　　第四段：

　　but if all these factors are considered, (a) is much better that(b).from what has been discussed above, we may finally draw the conclusionthat…

　　3、“我認(rèn)為……”即“我的觀點(diǎn)”型。如“一些學(xué)生喜歡拿自己的同學(xué)開惡作劇的玩笑，談?wù)勀愕目捶ā?rdquo;

　　some of the students around us like playing practical jokes onothers at school, but frankly speaking, i don’t think it’s wise to do this kindof thing, for they often lead to a lot of problems.

　　in my opinion, playing tricks on your classmates might ruin thefriendship between you and your friends. as young students, we sometimes dosomething only for fun without thinking of others’ feelings. playing some jokesmay more or less hurt your friends.

　　what’s more, playing tricks on others may do harm to their bodies.the victims of the jokes might suffer from severe pain not only mentally butalso physically.

　　last but not least, humor has been well defined as thinking in funwhile feeling in earnest.

　　if a person wants to make true friends, he must learn to fosterthe friendship which can enrich his life. he should learn to treat his friendssincerely and frankly, to give advice and to help whenever they need but neverto` play meaningless practical jokes on them .

　　4、圖表作文。圖表式作文通過閱讀圖表中的數(shù)字與項目得出一個結(jié)論或形成一種看法。寫作要點(diǎn)：不需要把表中的數(shù)據(jù)一一列出，只要選幾個有代表性的數(shù)據(jù)加以敘述并結(jié)合數(shù)據(jù)抓住實(shí)質(zhì)簡而議之。

　　下面的模式可供參考：

　　模式一：

　　第一段：

　　… is known as one of the most serious problems in today’s world,as is shown in the grapy,/according to the figures shown in the grapy,(表述圖表中的數(shù)字)

　　第二段：

　　(陳述理由)furthermore,(繼續(xù)陳述理由) as a result,(引起的后果…的減少或增長)(…experiencing a decrease/increase)

　　第三段：

　　so i believe…will be achieved through efforts of every person.

　　模式二：

　　第一段：

　　from…we can see the increase/decrease(描述數(shù)字的句型)…was/addedup to(數(shù)字) in(時間), while it increased/decreasedto(數(shù)字and數(shù)字) in (時間and時間) respectively. therefore, it can be predicted that …will furtherincrease/decrease (is/are to be on the rise/decrease) in the future.

　　第二段：

　　there are chiefly three reasons for the rise/decrease.firstly…secondly…, apart from the above reaso

　　第三段：

　　in spite of what is mentioned above, there are still… thegrapy/table indicted… hence, the situation is still serious and how to …isstill a challenging task.

　　5、看圖寫話。根據(jù)圖畫寫故事，伴之以簡單議論或者簡述圖畫內(nèi)容，透過現(xiàn)象看本質(zhì)，以議論為主。

　　以XX年的高考作文為例。圖片上女兒在學(xué)騎自行車，奶奶、父親和一手拿著急救箱的母親三人滿頭大汗地扶著車，深怕女兒摔著了。圖片下有一行字：你們讓我自己騎好嗎?這仍是一個涉及到孩子怎樣獨(dú)立的問題。此類文章可采用以下的模式：

　　1. outline the reasons/the cause of the problem.

　　2. many ways can be used to solve this serious problem, but thefollowing ones may be effective.

　　3. first of all…besides…/another way to solve the problem of…is…finally…

　　4. from my experience, i feel there is no shortcut in doingeverything./ maybe these are not the best

　　or only measures we can take. but it should be noted that weshould take great pains to…

　　二、記敘文

　　記敘文要求學(xué)生根據(jù)題目提供的信息，組織語言材料，編寫成文。一般說來，記敘文有時間、地點(diǎn)、人物、事件、原因和結(jié)果六要素，寫作時要明確清楚地給予表達(dá)。

　　1、記人。要注意介紹人物的身世、經(jīng)歷和事跡等。

　　第一段：

　　in my life i have met many people who are really worth mentioning.but perhaps the most unforgettable person i have ever known is…

　　第二段：

　　it is his special quality that is always kept in my memory.

　　第三段：列舉第一個特點(diǎn)或外貌，在描寫時一定要圍繞一個主題句展開。

　　第四段：列舉第二個特點(diǎn)，在描寫時也一定要圍繞一個主題句展開。

　　第五段：談?wù)劯邢搿?/p>

　　例文：

　　the most unforgettable teacher

　　in my life i have met many people who are really worth mentioning.but perhaps the most unforgettable person i have ever known is my chineseteacher.

　　it is his special quality that is always kept in my memory.

　　for one thing, i was attracted by his wide range of knowledge. iremember that we students always attended his class with great eagernessbecause his lectures were humorously delivered, and he never failed to give usvaluable advice. nothing seemed difficult to learn through his explanation.

　　for another, i was deeply impressed by the respect he showed forus. as he treated us like friends rather than students, we all liked to visithis home for social activities as well as for advice.

　　although it is over a year now since i attended his last class, heis the talk of our old classmates, and i know part of him has already stayed inmy heart.

　　2、敘事。記事文要描寫事情發(fā)生與發(fā)展的過程，敘述事情發(fā)生的前因后果等，也就是說在寫事件時，應(yīng)抓住事件發(fā)生的時間、地點(diǎn)、人物等幾個基本要素。也就是我們常說的五個問題：

　　1) what happened?

　　2) when did it happen?

　　3) where did it happen?

　　4) who was involved?

　　5) why did it happen?

　　抓住這幾個問題，一般就能把一個事件完整地表達(dá)出來。

　　范文：

　　an unforgettable examination

　　i have experienced many kinds of examination in my life, the mostunforgettable of which was the final-examination last term.

　　before the examination, i stayed up late in order to get a goodscore. the next morning i rushed to school without breakfast.

　　in the course of the examination, i saw a very difficult problemand it took me a lot of time. i thought hard but couldn’t work it out. soonafter i gave up, i fell asleep at my desk. when i woke up , the examination wasover, you can imagine what happened in the end.

　　i drew a good lesson from this examination. that is, listeningattentively and going over your lessons regularly means less work.

　　三、書信的寫作

　　1、稱謂：

　　無職銜的男子：mr. wang/zhang已婚女子：mrs wang/zhao未婚女子：miss wang/zhang

　　博士：dr. zhang教授：pro. lin

　　還有一些表示感情色彩的詞。如：dear dr. smith/dear madam/dear sir

　　2、正文

　　正文要從稱謂的下一行寫起，可以和稱謂齊頭寫，也可以向內(nèi)縮五個字母寫。正文就是要具體地寫你想表達(dá)的內(nèi)容，要注意表達(dá)清楚、簡練，讓收信人很容易得知你要表達(dá)的內(nèi)容。

　　3、結(jié)束語：

　　結(jié)束語寫在正文的下方，另起一行。常用的結(jié)束語有：

　　best wishes!/ good luck!/give my best wishes to yourfamily!/looking forward to your reply!

　　4、簽名：

　　sincerely yours/yours sincerely/truly yours/yoursrespectfully/respectfully yours

　　例文一：下面是一個叫kurt的人寫給父母的家書。

dear mother and father,

　　i feel veryexcited at the thought that in another week i shall be with you again onholiday. i have enjoyed my stay inenglandvery much indeed. mr.dowson and my fellow students are all very nice to me. but, as they say inengland,“there’s no place like home,” and i think one feels this above all at christmastime.

　　i am leavinghere early on thursday, the 23rd, and i shall arrive in basle on fridaymorning, so i shall be home somewhere about lunch time. can you meet me at thestation, as i shall have a lot of luggage?

　　i’ve got some christmas presents for you all. i’m not going totell you what your presents are, so it will be a surprise. i hope you will likethem.

　　how are you allat home? i hope you are all keeping well. see that father always puts on hisbig coat when he goes out, so that he doesn’t catch cold. i can’t say how muchi want to see you and my brother all again.

　　love and allgood wishes,

　　kurt

　　例文二：寫求職信的一般模式

dear 1 ,

　　i would like to apply for a position in your company. 2 .

　　i enclose my resume which describes my education and workexperience. 3 .

　　i would appreciate it very much if you could give me a chance. ilook forward to your reply.

　　yours sincerely,4

　　4上述內(nèi)容中所填的內(nèi)容依次是：

　　① 正確的稱謂 ②信息來源及求職原因

　　③ 具體介紹自己的情況及適合這職位的原因 ④ 署名

　　四、說明文

　　說明文就是用簡單的文字說明事物的特點(diǎn)、類別、構(gòu)造、用途、成因等。它包括廣告、知識小品、教材、書文簡介、理論性概念或定律的解釋。

　　寫說明文應(yīng)清楚以下幾點(diǎn)：

　　1、條理分明，遵循空間順序、時間順序、邏輯順序、因果關(guān)系。

　　2、說明文要淺顯、準(zhǔn)確、簡介，避免過分的夸張。

　　例文一：以“how to protect your eyes”為題寫一篇130字左右的文章。

　　how to protectyour eyes

　　“eyes arewindows of the soul,” people often say. everyone understands how important theeyes are. but how to protect eyesight remains a question among us students, atleast many of us. if you want to protect your eyesight, you must pay attentionto the following points:

　　first, you should not keep your eyes working for a long time.after you have studied for a ling time, about an hour or so, you had betterhave a rest by looking in the long distance.

　　secondly, youshould keep your book about a foot away from your eyes when you read it. youshould also keep in mind, “don’t read in a poor light or in the sun; don’t readin the moving bus or in bed.” doing eye-exercises will help you keep goodeyesight.

　　if you fail tokeep these rules, you will become short-sighted sooner or later.

　　總之，英文寫作是一個學(xué)生英語綜合能力的書面體現(xiàn)，它需要一個長期復(fù)雜的訓(xùn)練過程。但是如果教師讓學(xué)生在了解掌握寫作技巧和模式的基礎(chǔ)上，同時在平時不斷從學(xué)生的實(shí)際水平出發(fā)，有目的、有計劃、有要求、有檢查、有反饋地培養(yǎng)學(xué)生的寫作能力，由易到難，循序漸進(jìn)，那么學(xué)生到寫的時候就能做到厚積薄發(fā)、思如泉涌、下筆如有神。

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