翻譯資格考試英語高級口譯指導

時間：2024-06-21 08:38:32 翻譯資格

翻譯資格考試英語高級口譯指導

　　總結是對過去一定時期的工作、學習或思想情況進行回顧、分析，并做出客觀評價的書面材料，它可以明確下一步的工作方向，少走彎路，少犯錯誤，提高工作效益，快快來寫一份總結吧。如何把總結做到重點突出呢？以下是小編整理的翻譯資格考試英語高級口譯指導，歡迎閱讀與收藏。

翻譯資格考試英語高級口譯指導

　　翻譯資格考試英語高級口譯指導

　　指導一

　　1.原文：All around was open loneliness and black solitude,over which a stiff breeze blew。(Thomas Hardy:Tess of the d'Urbervilles)

　　譯文：周圍一切，只是一片空曠的荒寒，一團漆黑的僻靜，一股勁風，在上面吹動。(張谷若譯)

　　賞析：“一片”、“一團”、“一股”，量詞的準確使用增強了疑問的表現力。

　　2.原文：She denied it,denied everything,bone and stone.

　　譯文：她矢口否認，死不認賬。

　　賞析：原文中的"bone and stone"形象生動，但將其直譯成“語氣硬得像骨頭和石頭”，去不一定能為我國讀者所接受，改譯成“死不認賬”，就自然、生動的多。翻譯本來就是一個有得有失的過程，完全傳達原文的意義、精神、意韻、形象實不可能，好的譯者總是善于抓住原文的精髓，在譯文中盡力將其傳達出來，而將原文那些相對而言不甚重要的且又無法傳達的割舍開去，借用依據哲學的術語，就是“抓住要矛盾或矛盾的主要方面”，至于哪些是“主要矛盾或矛盾的主要方面”，哪些是 “次要矛盾或矛盾的次要方面”，取決于翻譯的目的、翻譯語境以及譯者的理解能力。

　　3.原文：The reverberation of fighting between the forces of India and Pakistan are reaching us in increasing volume.

　　譯文：印度和巴基斯坦兩國部隊的殺伐聲一陣緊似一陣傳到我們這里來。(黃邦杰：《譯藝譚》)

　　賞析：黃邦杰先生說：“對一個譯者來說，譯一個詞，不僅要正確的把詞義譯出，而且要把這詞所具有的特色、詞義的細微差別以及作者褒貶的態度和正反的說法，不溫不火、不多不少地加以體現。”"The reverberation of fighting"譯為“殺伐聲”，"in increasing volume"譯為“一陣緊似一陣”，繪聲繪色，活靈活現，讓人不能不佩服。

　　4.原文：The ignorant old woman who ruled for the entire last half of the nineteenth century did more than any other single person to hold back China's progress.(Lin Yutang:Moment in Peking)

　　譯文：那個愚蠢無知的老太婆統治了十九世紀后五十年，使中國不能進步，她可算功勞第一。(張振玉譯)

　　賞析：“她可算是功勞第一”，反語的使用，辛辣無比。

　　本期練習:翻譯下列句子

　　His discourse,says Speidel,"become lost in fantastic digressions."

　　答案:

　　譯文：斯派達爾后來說，他的的談話“越說越遠，越說越離奇，最后不知說到哪里去了。”

　　賞析：只有五個詞的"became lost in fantastic digressions",被譯成了由十九個漢字組成的、由三個逗號隔開的、意思上層層遞進的獨立成份，譯者的引申不可謂不遠，但引申始終是圍繞作者的原意這個軸心來進行的。翻譯技巧上所說的“添詞不添意”指的就是這種處理

　　指導二

　　1.原文：...but he had still at intervals a kind listener in Mrs.Philips,and was ,by her watchfulness,most abundantly supplied with coffee and muffin.(Jane Austen:Pride and Prejudice)

　　譯文：不過，菲利普斯太太間或還好心好意地聽他說說話，而且虧她留心關照，總是源源不斷地給他倒咖啡，添松餅。(孫致禮譯)

　　賞析：對比原文與譯文會發現：原文主語是"he"，譯文中主語改成了“菲利普斯太太”，原文中作賓語的名詞"listener",譯成漢語后成了動賓詞組 “聽他說說話”，在譯句作謂語，當然，"kind"也就譯成了副詞“好心好意地”，修飾謂語動詞。后面的介詞賓語"watchfulness",在譯句中也化成了動詞，作謂語。原文中只用了一個"supplied"，譯成漢語成了“倒”和“添”兩個動詞，后面各自帶自己的賓語。這些翻譯技巧的使用都是為了表達上的需要，形勢雖然變了，內容卻不變，而且譯文同原文一樣文從字順。

　　2.原文：He would carry a fowling piece on his shoulder,for hours together,trudging through woods and swamps,and up hill and down dale,to shoot a few squirrels or wild pigeons.(Washington Irving:"Rip Van Winkle")

　　譯文：有時他還會為了打幾只松鼠或野鴿子，掮著一支槍，穿林越澤，上山入谷，一連跋涉好幾個鐘頭。(萬紫、雨寧譯)

　　賞析：目的放前，行為放后，這是漢語的一種行文習慣。"carry"譯成“掮著”，而不是“扛著”，味道更足。“穿林越澤，上山入谷”譯得更簡潔明了，且暗含一點幽默的意味。用“跋涉”一詞來形容Rip Van Winkle為了打獵不辭辛苦地到處跑，頗能傳神，也是為了傳達那么一點點的幽默。

　　3.原文：Let us go into this deserted woodman's hut,and see how he has passed the long winter nights and the short and stormy days.(Henry David Thoreau:"A Winter Walk")

　　譯文：那邊有一座樵夫的小屋，樵夫本人不在，但我們也不妨進去看看。冬夜漫長，冬日苦短而多風雪，這種生活真是夠那樵夫忍受的。(夏濟安譯)

　　賞析：原文只一句話，用"and"將兩個動詞謂語連在一起，譯成漢語，成了六個小句。譯文以“那邊”開頭，是為了承接上文;"deserted"只是一個詞，在譯文中化成了一個句子(“樵夫本人不在”);“我們也不妨進去看看”，譯得委婉，同時與“樵夫本人不在”形成照應。譯文的后半部相對于原文結構上調整較大，兩個名次詞組("the long winter nights","the short stormy days")都被譯成了小句，并列在一起，烘托出樵夫生活的艱辛。整個譯文雖在結構上與原文有很大不同，但意思準確，表達自然、流暢。

　　4.原文：He was not mean in friendship nor in ambition.

　　譯文：他講友誼，有抱負。

　　賞析：莎士比亞有言："Brevity is the soul of wit",寫文章也好，搞翻譯也好，簡潔都是可貴的品質。這里的譯者將原文的否定正譯，用了兩個結構相同的動賓詞組，形成并列，干凈、利索。

　　本期練習:翻譯下列句子

　　He sank down with his face in his hands.

　　答案:

　　He sank down with his face in his hands.

　　譯文：他兩手蒙著臉，一屁股坐了下去。

　　賞析：增詞法是英譯漢常用的技巧之一。所謂增詞法，“就是在翻譯是按意義上(或修辭上)和句法上的需要增加一些詞來表達更忠實通順地表達原文的思想內容” (《英漢翻譯教程》)。此處英文句子，本來用“他兩手蒙著臉，坐了下去”，就已經可以傳達基本意思了，增加了“一屁股”三個字，使譯文更加生動形象。

　　指導三

　　1.原文：On this board,thirsty strangers deposited their cups as they stood in the road and drank,and threw the dregs on the dusty ground to the pattern of Polynesia,and wished they could have a restful seat inside.(Thomas Hardy:Tess of the d'Urbervilles)

　　譯文：患酒喝的客人，都站在路上買醉，往這塊隔板上放空酒杯;他們把酒渣兒灑在滿是塵土的地上，做成玻里尼西亞群島的花樣。他們很想能在屋子里面，有一個安身落座的地方。(張谷若譯)

　　賞析："thirsty"是“口渴的”的意思，用在原文中當然不是指“客人”渴了想喝水，譯成“患酒喝得”恐怕是最好的選擇。“站在路上買醉”，似乎不是很忠實于原文，但轉念一想，既然愛酒都愛到"thirsty"的地步，那么終于尋找到了一個喝酒的機會，不喝個半醉不醉，反而不可想象了，所以“買酒”即 “買醉”。

　　2.原文：No greater misfortune can befall a country than to be governed by an old tyrant.

　　譯文：國之橫禍，莫過于暴君當政。

　　賞析：現代漢語是在古漢語的基礎上發展起來的，相當于現代漢語來說，古漢語有它自己的優勢，如詞匯豐富、語法有彈性、表情表意能力強等等，在寫作和翻譯時，適當的運用一些古漢語的語素或詞，能給文章帶來一種書卷氣，顯得莊重典雅。上面這個譯例就體現了這種特色，譯者靈活套用了古漢語的句子結構，使用了古漢語的個別語素(詞語)，譯出的句子簡潔、莊重，讀者好似看見了一個學識淵博的老學究在搖頭晃腦地評說歷史。

　　3.原文：Hearing Debs was an experience.

　　譯文：聽德布斯演講可真帶勁。

　　賞析：如果說上一譯句讓我們看見了一個學識淵博的老學究在搖頭晃腦地評說歷史的話，讀了這一句譯文，我們看到的是另一種場面：一個求知若渴、激情滿懷的青年學子在聽了一場演講后，眉飛色舞地對沒有去聽演講的同伴大談特談演講人演講藝術之高超。譯者使用了口語體“可真帶勁”來譯"was an experience",準確、生動。

　　4.原文：Charity begins at home,they say.(Thomas Hardy:Tess of the d'Urbervilles)

　　譯文：人家不是說，行善得由己及人嗎?(張谷若譯)

　　賞析：“行善得由己及人”，在形式上頗像哲言警句，在意義上非常忠實于原文。

　　翻譯下列句子

　　He was a fool for danger.

　　答案：

　　原文：He was a fool for danger.

　　譯文：他是個天不怕、地不怕的人。

　　賞析：英譯漢時，常常會遇到一些詞或詞組，在詞典上找不到恰當的譯詞(組)，如逐字死譯，只會使譯文生硬晦澀，這是就需要對詞或詞組的意義進行某種處理。"a fool for danger"譯為“天不怕地不怕的人”，是做了釋義的處理，譯者巧妙地借用了漢語里的俗語“天不怕地不怕”，形象地傳達了譯句的“意”和“情”。

　　指導四

　　1.原文：The night was as dark by this time as it would be until morning;and what light we had, seemed to come more from the river than the sky,as the oars in their dipping struck at a few reflected stars.(Charles Dickens:Great Expectations)

　　譯文：這時夜色已經黑透，看來就要這樣一直黑到天明;我們僅有的一點光亮，似乎不是來自天空，而是來自河上，一槳又一槳的，攪動著那寥寥幾顆倒映在水里的寒星。(王科一譯)

　　賞析：天色已經黑透，月亮尚未升起，只有幾點孤星在天空閃耀，倒映在水里，水手輕輕地、一槳一槳地劃，船漿劃破了水面的平靜，也攪碎了孤星倒映在水里的一點點清冷的光。沒有用什么特別的形容詞，也不需要什么特別的翻譯技巧，大體順著原文往下譯，只是在必要的時候做一點變換，化原文的“形合”(如"as"等的使用)為譯文的“意合”，便將原文的意境全部呈現了出來，譯文之美絲毫不亞于原文，這實在是一種真功夫。雖然譯文的美，來自于所有詞語共同構建起來的意境，但單個譯語的選擇之獨到，不能不讓我們擊節稱贊，如“一槳又一槳的”，“攪動著那寥寥幾顆倒映在水里的寒星”，都是詩一樣的語言。

　　2.原文：All things beside seem to be called in for shelter,and what stays out must be part of the original frame of the universe,and of such valor as God himself. (Henry David Thoreau:"A Winter Walk")

　　譯文：別的東西都尋求隱蔽保護去了，凡是能卓然獨立于寒風之中者，一定是天地靈氣之所鐘，是自然界骨氣的表現，他們具有和天神一般的勇敢。(夏濟安譯)

　　賞析：一般性翻譯，只要譯文準確、通順，大抵就說得過去了，而文學作品的翻譯要求卻高得多，譯文除了準確、通順以外，還必須傳達出原文語言上的文學 “味”。請看這里的譯句，“卓然獨立于寒風之中”、“天地靈氣之所鐘”，都是文學的語言。郭沫若說，對于一個翻譯文學作品的人來說，“一杯伏特卡酒不能換作一杯白開水，總要還它一杯汾酒或茅臺，才算盡了責”。

　　3.原文：But this naval competition strained the Liberal Government's principles as well as their budgets.

　　譯文：但是這種海軍競賽使自由黨政府的原則無法自圓其說，也使其預算捉襟見肘。

　　賞析：英文中有些詞詞義搭配能力很強，像這里的"strained",一個詞便帶了兩個賓語，一個抽象，一個具體，完全按照英文句子結構來譯，譯文勢必顯得笨重，將"strained the Liberal Government's principles as well as their budgets"拆成兩部分翻譯，并使用漢語成語“自圓其說”和“捉襟見肘”，就干凈利落多了。翻譯技巧是為翻譯效果服務的，對于容易翻譯的句子，翻譯技巧可能顯得多余，譯者也不會有意識地使用翻譯技巧，而對于譯起來較難的句子，有意識的運用翻譯技巧，恐怕就很有必要了。

　　4.原文：His mother had whipped him for drinking some cream which he had never tasted and knew nothing about;it was plain that she was tired of him and wished him to go;if she felt that way,there was nothing for him to do but to succumb.(Mark Twain:The Adventures of Tom Sawyer)

　　譯文：他的媽媽怪他吃了奶油，還揍了他一頓，其實他根本沒有吃，對奶油的事兒一無所知;她分明是在討厭他，希望他走得遠遠的。既然她有那個念頭，他也沒辦法，只有認了。(嚴維明譯)

　　賞析：漢語行文，多將原因放前，結尾放后，故在譯文中，“怪他吃了奶油”調到了“還揍他一頓”之前，除此之外，譯文基本是順著原文結構譯下來的。為了再現原文的風格，譯文選詞用語注重通俗、口語化，如用“媽媽”而不用“母親”，用“怪他吃了奶油”，不說“責備他吃了奶油”。譯文后半部也極平易淺近，自然流暢。

　　本期練習:翻譯下列句子

　　If you think me in a way to be happier than I deserve,I am quite of your opinion.

　　答案:

　　If you think me in a way to be happier than I deserve,I am quite of your opinion.

　　譯文：如果你認為我的幸福來之太易，得之有愧，那我完全同意你的看法。(張經浩)

　　賞析：“如果你認為我的幸福來之太易，得之有愧”，是地道的漢語，是在吃透原文意義、精神基礎上的再創造，明顯比譯者自己的初譯“如果你認為我已得到的幸福比我應該得到的更多”要好

　　指導五

　　1.原文：Thus the initiative to partition Poland completely,to deny the Polish people any independent existence of their own whatsoever,came from the Russians.But the Germans did not need much urging to agree.

　　譯文：由此可見，首先提出完全瓜分波瀾，不許波蘭人成為一個獨立民族存在的，是俄國人。德國人當然求之不得。

　　賞析："Thus"譯為“由此可見”，表現了譯者在譯詞時的靈活性;"partition"在英文中本為中性詞，譯者根據句子內容的語義，譯為“瓜分”，表達出了作者的傾向性;"did not need much urging to agree"字面意思是“不需要催促就同意了”，譯者引申為“當然求之不得”，符合作者寫作時的感情傾向，即對強國欺辱弱小國家的憤怒。好的譯文總是能譯出原文背后的“情”。

　　2.原文：Chilly gusts of wind with a taste of rain in them had well nigh dispeopled the streets.

　　譯文：陣陣寒風，帶著雨意，街上冷冷清清，幾乎沒有什么人了。

　　賞析：英文是形合的文字，英語句子講究結構嚴謹;漢語重意合，遣詞造句推崇形散而神不散。請看這里的英文句子，主、謂、賓一目了然，原因和結果清清楚楚，如果按這樣的順序、結構直譯成漢語，勢必凝滯不化。為了使譯句能夠體現漢語句式的特點，譯者大膽地進行了結構調整，將原文一句切分成四個短語(小句)，充分利用句子內部語義上的聯系，不用任何關聯詞，由風到雨，到街再到人，用白描的手法將一幅寒夜凄雨圖呈現在讀者面前。

　　本期練習:翻譯下列句子

　　Every family is said to have at least one skeleton in the cupboard.

　　答案:

　　原文：Every family is said to have at least one skeleton in the cupboard.

　　譯文：俗話說，衣柜里面藏骷髏，見不得人的事兒家家有。(徐式谷譯)

　　賞析：在英語中，"the skeleton in the cupboard"是個幾乎人人皆知的成語，但如果將其直譯成漢語“衣柜里的骷髏”，恐怕就沒有多少人能猜出它的意思。如何在翻譯中既保存原短語形象，又能讓不熟悉英語文化的讀者了解原短語的意思，這實在是個困難。徐式谷先生的這個譯例可以給我們很多的啟發：譯文前一部分致力于保存原文的形象，后一部分解釋原文的意思，且“髏”和“有”押韻，讀起來舒服、自在，很像句格言

　　英語高級口譯模擬翻譯練習

　　翻譯段落： 生存在功利社會，奔波勞頓，勾心斗角，若想做到從心所欲，難矣哉！人自孩提時代起，求學、謀職、戀愛、成家、立業、功名、財富……幾乎無時不在追求，而且總也不能滿足。當然事業上的進取與物欲上的貪婪，是兩種截然不同的人生觀，或可說是兩種內涵迥異的苦樂觀。但有一點是共同的，即人生的道路并非平坦的康莊大道，事物的發展往往不以人的意志為轉移。與其陶醉在“夢想成真”的幻覺中，莫若在實踐中多多磨礪自己，有道是“蒼天不負有心人”嘛！即或如此，也未必事事天遂人愿。總之，有追求必有煩惱，這就是生活的實際。

　　參考譯文： In a business society, where people run about in pursuit of personal gains at the expense of others, it is really difficult to do as you please. Ever since childhood we have been pursuing always; going to school, looking for a job, falling in love, getting married, and striving for success in career and accumulating wealth, but never have we seemed to be contented with ourselves. However, striving for success in career and seeking material profits are two different outlooks or, if you will, two intrinsically different views on what is hardship and what is happiness. But there is one thing that applies in either case, i.e. life is no plain sailing, and things go and grow independent of man’s will. One should instead of indulging in delusions of daydreaming, temper himself in life, as the saying goes, “Heaven does not let down the one that has a will.” Even so, one cannot expect to succeed in everything he undertakes. In short, anyone in pursuit of something is sure to be troubled by something else, and that is the way things are in life.

　　翻譯點評：

　　四處奔波：run about

　　追逐：in pursuit of，或者直接用動詞pursue

　　本質地：intrinsically。如果不知道intrinsic（固有的，本質的，內在的）這個詞，可以用basically、fundamentally這一類的詞。也可以用其他方法來表達原文中“迥異”這個概念，如：as different as night and day，或者用diametrically，這個詞詞根是diameter,直徑。當然，想不起來這么多，用一個totally也可以表達出這種例子。大家可以注意多積累一些這樣的同義詞。

　　康莊大道：這里以“一帆風順”的意思來翻譯：plain sailing，或者用其他意譯方法，表達出“順利”“沒有挫折”之類的意思都可以。

　　幻覺：delusion。這個詞與illusion的區別在于，illusion僅表示“幻覺，錯覺，幻想”，delusion則有“受騙，騙局；妄想癥”的含義，用來表達這里的“幻覺”一詞，更有“欺騙性的，不真實的”這種意味。

　　英語高級口譯考試筆試真題音頻答案

　　SECTION 1: LISTENING TEST (30 minutes)

　　Directions: In this part of the test,youwillhearapassageand read thesamepassage with blanks in it. Fill in each of the blanks with the words you have heard on the tape. Write your answer in the corresponding space in your ANSWER BOOKLET. Remember you will hear. the passage ONLY ONCE.

　　The parents set the rules and the children obey, right? Wrong. In a growing number of North American families, adults have let their children_____________(1). “Parents want to be nurturing love and make their small children happy, but many have become confused about_____________(2) to achieve this,” explains a noted psychologist. “Large numbers of parents are being_____________(3)”, to the point that entire families end up organizing themselves around_____________(4).

　　The problem is that many fathers and mothers try to be_____________(5) to their children. However, parenting is not a popularity contest._____________(6) is a normal part of child development and is strongest between_____________(7). Setting rules and enforcing them teaches the child that he or she is _____________(8) but not equal in authority. Then a child feel safe and secure and can be kid again. Believe it or not, It’s frightening for a child to realize they are_____________(9) a situation. In upside-down families, when parents_____________(10) from the rules they set, children become very insecure, anxious, and out of control. They don’t_____________(11) to protect them. IN order to_____________(12) and keep control, parents should act in accordance with the following tips: First,_____________(13). Parents cannot guide a child and seek his or her approval of their decision_____________(14) . Don’t say, “It’s time for bed. OK?” Instead, say, “It’s time for bed, kids.” http://tr.hjenglish.com/

　　Second, don’t_____________(15) and then change them. It’s very important to be consistent. Once you make a rule,_____________(16).

　　Third, pay less attention to your children when_____________(17) is bad and more when it is good. Do not reward bad behavior by giving extra attention to it. Instead, save your attention for when _____________(18).

　　Finally, don’t allow your kids to call you by _____________(19). This removes the authority figure in a child’s life. Children need parents,_____________(20).

　　Part B: Listening Comprehension

　　Directions: In this part of the test there will be some short talks and conversations. After each one, you will be asked some questions. The talks, conversations and questions will be spoken ONL ONCE. Now listen care fully and choose the right answer to each question you have heard and write the letter of the answer you have chosen in the corresponding space in your ANSWER BOOKLET.

　　Questions 1 to 5 are based on the following conversation.

　　1. (A) The forthcoming sales conference.

　　(B) Business trips to HongKong and Europe. http://tr.hjenglish.com/

　　(D) The layout of the catalogue.

　　2. (A) 268. (B) 368. (C) 386. (D) 486

　　3. (A) One pound eleven. (B) Two pounds fifty-one

　　4. (A) The freight. (B) The time for mailing.

　　5. (A) To wait for a decision made by head office.

　　(B) To have the catalogue printed in Europe.

　　(D) To use last year’s catalogue.

　　Questions 6 to 10 are based on the following new.

　　6. (A) To issue a final statement propped by the US.

　　(B) To support a US missile defence plan.

　　(D) To review the situation of US military presence in Europe.

　　7. (A) The schedule for government talks on trade between the two countries.

　　(B) A wide but unspecified range of world issues of mutual interest.

　　(D) Plans to reform Japan’s economy.

　　8. (A) Below 1 per cent. http://tr.hjenglish.com/

　　(B) Around 2.5 per cent.

　　(D) From 4.75 per cent to 4.5 per cent.

　　9. (A) Police blamed the riots mainly on ultra-rightwing nationalists and white power supremacist.

　　(B) The riots were triggered by the general election scheduled for June.

　　(D) A considerable number of deaths and injuries were reported in local newspaper.

　　10.(A) Three people on a village lane.

　　(B) A bridge built to commemorate the Olympics.

　　(D) A building near a police station.

　　Questions 11 to 15 are based on the following interview.

　　11. (A) A politician. (B) A leader of industry.

　　12. (A) Around one million. (B) Between two and three million.

　　13. (A)To announce the current national and international new.

　　(B) To present famous people to the audience.

　　(D) To organize the programme and to broadcast music.

　　14. (A) Politicians are often teased a bit too much in the programme.

　　(B) This is a live television interview programme.

　　(D) Interviewees are usually allowed to say what they want to say.

　　15. (A) 6:00 am. (B) 6:30 am. (C) 4:00 pm. (D) 5:00pm.

　　Questions 16 to 20 are based on the following talk..

　　16. (A) The growing affluence of people in general.

　　(B) The climatic trends which are difficult to predict.

　　(D) The fairly conservative projections they have made.

　　17. (A) Sales through supermarkets have dropped slightly.

　　(B) Sales through salons remain steady. http://tr.hjenglish.com/

　　(D) Sales through chemists have decreased sharply.

　　18. (A) A steady rise in the proportion of spending used in press advertising.

　　(B) A significant increase in sales.

　　(D) A reduction in the advertising budget.

　　19. (A) Under twenty. (B) 21-to-30.

　　20. (A) Sun protection creams and lotions. (B) After-sun preparations.

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