學位英語語法基礎知識：強調句型
在現代英語中，人們可以通過詞匯手段、語法手段來進行強調。
(1)詞匯手段
The last thing that a lazy student wishes is
examination. 懶學生最不愿意的事情就是考試。
At that very moment the policemen came.
就在那時警察到了。
Where in the world did you go just now?
你剛才究竟去哪兒了?
What on earth are you doing? 你究竟在干什么?
She's not in the least angry with me. 她一點也不生我的氣。
(2)語法手段
1. 用It is/was…that/who…句型表示強調。
被強調的部分(通常是句子的主語、狀語、賓語或賓語補足語)放在is/was的后面，被強調的是人，則后面可用who，whom等代替。例如：
He met an old friend in the park yesterday.
他昨天在公園碰見一個老朋友。
上述句子可以通過強調句型對除謂語以外的不同成分進行強調。如：
It was he who/that met an old friend in the park
yesterday.(強調主語)
It was an old friend that/who he met in the park
yesterday.(強調賓語)
It was in the park that he met an old friend
yesterday.(強調地點狀語)
It was yesterday that he met an old friend in he
park.(強調時間狀語)
2. 用助動詞do，does或did來強調謂語動詞。例如：
Do come early. 一定早點來。
He did send you a letter last week.
他上周確實給你寄過一封信。
We're pleased that she does intend to come.
她的確打算來，我們非常高興。
3.用主語從句+BE+被強調部分，主語從句常用what引導。例如：
John wants a ball. 約翰想要一個球。
What John wants is a ball. 約翰想要的是一個，球。
Mary gives piano lessons every day. 瑪麗每天教鋼琴。
What Mary does every day is (to) give piano lessons.
瑪麗每天干的工作是教鋼琴。
4.人們還可以通過改變句子結構或顛倒正常語氣的手段來進行強調。例如：
Never will China be the first to use nuclear
weapons. 中國決不會第一個使用核武器。
Only in this way can we catch up with and surpass
the world's advanced level of science and technology.
只有這樣，我們才能趕上并超過世界先進科技水平。
難點釋疑：
1.It was at 7 o'clock that he came back.
他是7點鐘回來的。(強調句，強調at 7 o'clock)
2.It
is/was…that…強調句型的被強調部分如果是原因狀語從句，只能由because引導，不能由since、as或why引導。例如：
It was because the water had risen that they could
not cross the river. 正是由于水漲了，他們沒有渡過河去。(不用because或since)
3.注意"not …… until"強調句型的變化。比較下列三個句子：
She didn't remember her appointment with the doctor
until she had arrived home.
It was not until she had arrived home that she
remembered her appointment with the doctor.
Not until she had arrived home did she remember her
appointment with the doctor.
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