考研英語閱讀理解翻譯歷年真題

時間：2024-09-25 11:05:26 秀雯英語閱讀

考研英語閱讀理解翻譯歷年真題

　　和所有的英語考試一樣，考研英語中閱讀題的分值最大。所以閱讀是大家最重視的一個題型，下面是小編給大家準備的考研英語閱讀理解及翻譯的歷年真題，歡迎大家閱讀練習!

考研英語閱讀理解翻譯歷年真題

　　考研英語閱讀理解翻譯歷年真題 1

　　“Ive never met a human worth cloning,” says cloning expert Mark Westhusin from the cramped confines of his lab at Texas A&M University. “Its a stupid endeavor.” Thats an interesting choice of adjective, coming from a man who has spent millions of dollars trying to clone a 13-year-old dog named Missy. So far, he and his team have not succeeded, though they have cloned two calves and expect to clone a cat soon. They just might succeed in cloning Missy later this year—or perhaps not for another five years. It seems the reproductive system of mans best friend is one of the mysteries of modern science.

　　Westhusins experience with cloning animals leaves him vexed by all this talk of human cloning. In three years of work on the Missyplicity project, using hundreds upon hundreds of canine eggs, the A&M team has produced only a dozen or so embryos carrying Missys DNA. None have survived the transfer to a surrogate mother. The wastage of eggs and the many spontaneously aborted fetuses may be acceptable when youre dealing with cats or bulls, he argues, but not with humans. “Cloning is incredibly inefficient, and also dangerous,” he says.

　　Even so, dog cloning is a commercial opportunity, with a nice research payoff. Ever since Dolly the sheep was cloned in 1997, Westhusins phone at A&M College of Veterinary Medicine has been ringing busily. Cost is no obstacle for customers like Missys mysterious owner, who wishes to remain unknown to protect his privacy. Hes plopped down $3.7 million so far to fund the research because he wants a twin to carry on Missy?s fine qualities after she dies. But he knows her clone may not have her temperament. In a statement of purpose, Missys owner and the A&M team say they are “both looking forward to studying the ways that her clone differs from Missy.”

　　The fate of the dog samples will depend on Westhusins work. He knows that even if he gets a dog viably pregnant, the offspring, should they survive, will face the problems shown at birth by other cloned animals: abnormalities like immature lungs and heart and weight problems. “Why would you ever want to clone humans,” Westhusin asks, “when we?re not even close to getting it worked out in animals yet?” [397 words]

　　6. Mr. Westhusin thinks cloning is dangerous because_____ .

　　[A] animals are tortured to death in the experiments

　　[B]the public has expressed strong disapproval

　　[C] too many lives are wasted for laboratory use

　　[D] cloning becomes a quest only for profit

　　7. What is the problem confronting the Missyplicity project?

　　[A] The client holds a suspicious view toward it.

　　[B] There is a lack of funds to support the research.

　　[C] The owner is unwilling to disclose the information.

　　[D] Cloning dogs is a difficult biological problem.

　　8. Which of the following is true about animal cloning?

　　[A]Few private cloning companies could afford it

　　[B]Few people have realized its significance.

　　[C] An exact copy of a cat or bull can be made.

　　[D] It is becoming a prosperous industry.

　　9. From the passage we can infer that _____.

　　[A] Mr. Westhusin is going to clone a dog soon

　　[B] scientists are pessimistic about human cloning

　　[C] human reproductive system has not been understood

　　[D] rich people are only interested in cloning animals

　　10. Mr. Westhusin seems to believe that cloning______.

　　[A] is stupid and should be abandoned [B] has been close to success

　　[C] should be taken cautiously [D] is now in a dilemma

　　核心詞匯

　　confines n. limits or borders范圍，界限;邊界例：the confines of human knowledge 人類的知識范圍 / the confines of family life 家庭生活的范圍

　　超綱詞匯

　　aborted a. *① 流產的 ② 出問題的，出故障的

　　canine a. 犬的，犬科的

　　cramped a. 狹窄的，擁擠的例：working in cramped conditions 在擁擠的環境里工作

　　embryo n. 胚胎

　　fetus n. 胎，胎兒

　　Missyplicity n.這是個臨時造的詞，是三個部分的合成：Missy指文中提到的那條狗密斯，

　　duplicate意為“復制”，?ity為名詞后綴

　　plop vi.&vt.(使)撲通一聲落下例：Can you plop some ice in my drink? 能在我的飲料中放點冰塊嗎? 文中是比喻用法，指“投入資金”

　　surrogate n.代理, 代理人,代用品 vt.使代理, 使代替;*surrogate mother 代理母體

　　veterinary a.獸醫的例：veterinary medicine/science獸醫學

　　vexed a.*① 氣惱的，煩惱的例：the vexed parents of an unruly teenager因孩子難管教而氣惱的父母 ②(問題等)爭論不休的，難于解決的例：vexed question/issue棘手的問題

　　viably ad. ① 可實施地，切實可行地 *② 能存活地，能生長發育地

　　長難句分析

　　1. Thats an interesting choice of adjective, coming from a man who has spent millions of dollars trying to clone a 13-year-old dog named Missy.

　　該句主干是Thats an interesting choice of adjective。現在分詞短語coming from... 做后置定語，修飾前面的名詞choice，相當于一個定語從句(which is)coming from... ;在分詞短語中，定語從句who... 也做后置定語，修飾先行詞a man。

　　2. He knows that even if he gets a dog viably pregnant, the offspring, should they survive, will face the problems shown at birth by other cloned animals: abnormalities like immature lungs and heart and weight problems.

　　該句主干是He knows that... 。that引導的賓語從句是一個主從復合句，且從句位于主句之前，主句是the offspring will face the problems... ;從句是讓步狀語從句：even if he gets a dog viably pregnant;should they survive是個省略了if的條件狀語從句，為插入語，修飾主句。另外，主句的賓語the problems后接有過去分詞短語shown... 做后置定語，相當于一個定義從句(that)are shown... ;冒號后的名詞短語做the problems的同位語。

　　語篇分析

　　本文題材涉及生物技術。作者從克隆動物這個角度間接論證克隆人的不可行性，主張應該慎重對待克隆人研究。它是一篇觀點論證型文章，按照“提出觀點—論證觀點—重申觀點”的脈絡展開論述，可分成三部分。

　　第一段為第一部分，提出觀點：克隆人是不可行的。

　　引用專家Mark Westhusin和一位試圖克隆其愛犬的富人的話(never met a human worth cloning，a stupid endeavor)表達作者的觀點。接著介紹Mark Westhusin所進行的克隆動物的實驗(two calves，a cat and a dog)，并特別指出對狗的克隆最具難度(one of the mysteries of modern science)。

　　第二、三段為第二部分，論證觀點。

　　第二段：指出Mark Westhusin克隆動物的經驗使他極力反對克隆人(vexed by talking of human cloning)。首句是段落主題句。段中詳細介紹了一個克隆狗的項目(the Missyplicity project)中出現的狀況：①從成百上千的卵中只獲得一打左右基因匹配的胚胎;②轉移到母體時沒有一個胚胎存活下來。從這些細節中可以推出，克隆是低效而且危險的。這在末句“Cloning is incredibly inefficient, and also dangerous”得到了證實。該段最后還給出了Mark Westhusin的觀點：動物實驗中的浪費現象在人的研究中不能被接受。因此，該段將Mark Westhusin反對克隆人的態度表露無疑。

　　第三段：分析指出，(雖然克隆是危險的)克隆狗仍然存在巨大的商機(a commercial opportunity)。首句是段落主題句，其中even so是轉折標志詞，表明該段與上一段在含義上存在轉折。該段描述了“商機”的具體表現：電話頻頻響起(ringing busily)。接著分析存在商機的原因：①以Missy的主人為例指出，人們不惜花費巨資(cost is no obstacle; plopped down $3.7 billion);②同樣以Missy的主人為例指出，客戶與研究者能夠達成共識(both looking forward to studying the ways)。

　　第四段為第三部分，重申觀點：在克隆動物還遠沒有成功的情況下，克隆人是不可行的。

　　首先說明克隆狗存在的問題(face the problems shown at birth)，然后引用專家Mark Westhusin的話否認目前存在克隆人的可行性(not close to getting worked out in animals yet, why want to clone humans)。

　　文章總體特點：①開始和結尾都擺出了明確的觀點，形成首尾呼應。②作者在文章中沒有直接發表評論，而是借他人之語表達自己的觀點和評價。③雖然作者的最終目的是反對克隆人，但卻通過論證動物克隆技術的不成熟間接論證克隆人的不可行性。

　　試題命制分析

　　通過對文章的整體分析，我們可以從以下幾個方面命題，考查考生的閱讀理解能力。

　　1. 事實細節題

　　圍繞狗Missy的細節：①年齡13歲;②還沒有被成功地克隆;③克隆它的項目中已經使用了成百上千的犬科動物的卵，但只獲得了一打左右有匹配基因的胚胎;④其主人為克隆它已經投入了370萬美元;⑤其克隆體并不一定有同樣的脾氣和秉性。

　　關于克隆狗的概括性事實：①狗的生殖系統是現代科學中的一個神秘領域;②它是低效而且危險的;③具有很大的商機。

　　目前克隆動物存在的問題：①存活幾率低(none have survived);②有先天性疾病(problems shown at birth; abnormalities)。

　　圍繞Missy主人的細節：①富有并積極投資;②希望匿名以保護自己的隱私;③與研究團隊達成共識，共同期待能研究Missy的克隆體與Missy本身的差異之處。

　　根據以上內容可以命制綜合細節題，參見試題6和7;也可以命制正誤判斷題，參見試題8。

　　2. 作者觀點、態度題

　　本文作者主要借Mark Westhusin的話來表達自己的觀點，因此該人物的觀點和態度與作者完全一致。

　　從全文第一句、第二段第一句和全文最后一句可以推出，Mark Westhusin(或作者)對克隆人持明確的否定態度。由第一段末話可知，作者認為，狗的克隆是生物學上的難題(one of the mysteries of modern science)。由于Mark Westhusin一直在從事動物克隆的研究，因此作者不可能對動物克隆持完全否定態度，但文中Mark Westhusin也多次提到動物克隆存在的危險，因此作者的態度應該是謹慎的。參見試題10。也可以考查Mark Westhusin(或作者)對待克隆的總體態度，如：[A] 克隆動物是愚蠢的;[B] 人類克隆還沒有接近成功;[C] 克隆是低效的，應該被完全禁止;[D] 動物克隆可以，克隆人則不行。 (答案：[D])

　　3. 人物觀點題。

　　文中還有一個次要人物就是狗Missy的主人，從他的言論及行為可以推出該人物的觀點：①克隆人是愚蠢的行為;②狗的克隆應該得到大力支持。

　　4. 詞義句意題

　　根據上下文推測第二段末句Cloning is incredibly inefficient, and also dangerous的'隱含含義，如：[A] 實驗室研究人員需要非常小心才能克隆成功;[B] 克隆動物可能死于疾病或感染;[C] 實驗過程中浪費很多生命;[D] 克隆動物比正常的動物體質差。(答案：[C])

　　試題精解

　　6.威斯蘇森先生認為克隆是危險的，因為_____。

　　[A] 實驗中的動物被折磨至死 [B] 公眾表達了強烈的不滿

　　[C] 實驗浪費了很多生命 [D] 克隆成為僅僅追求利益的行為

　　[精解] 答案C本題考查因果細節。根據題干定位到第二段末“Cloning... also dangerous”。其上文即該段倒數第二句中，威斯蘇森先生指出，在貓或牛的克隆試驗中，對動物卵的浪費以及許多動物的自然性流產都可以接受，但是克隆人就不行。因此可知，[C]是“危險”的真正含義。[A]中torture(折磨)一詞無從推知;[B]項文中未提及;第三段首句雖然提到，狗的克隆有很大的商機，但不能由此推出[D]正確。

　　7.克隆密斯項目面臨的問題是什么?

　　[A] 客戶對它持懷疑態度。 [B] 沒有足夠的資金支持這項研究。

　　[C] 狗的主人不愿意透漏信息。[D] 狗的克隆是一個生物難題。

　　[精解] 答案D本題考查事實細節。題干中the Missyplicity project指克隆一只名叫密斯的狗的項目。第一段倒數第二句指出，克隆密斯可能成功也可能失敗。該段最后一句解釋其原因是：狗的生殖系統似乎是現代科學中一個神秘的領域。因此[D]為正確項。

　　第三段首句提到，克隆狗是一個商機，能帶來豐厚的科研報酬。該段第三句又提到，對于像密斯的主人這樣的消費者來說，高額的花銷并不是什么障礙。由此可知，[B]不是項目存在的問題。[C]屬于答非所問，第三段第三句提到，密斯的主人希望匿名以保護自己的隱私。但這對項目本身并不造成任何影響。[A]無從推知。

　　8.下面哪一項是關于動物克隆的正確說法?

　　[A] 很少有私人克隆公司能夠承擔。 [B] 很少有人意識到它的意義。

　　[C] 可以制造出與貓或牛一模一樣的復制品。[D] 它正成為一個欣欣向榮的產業。

　　[精解] 答案D本題考查事實細節。第三段首句提到，克隆狗是能帶來豐厚科研報酬的商機。下文無論是提到動醫學院頻繁接到的電話，還是舉出一擲千金想克隆愛犬的富人的例子都是為了說明首句的觀點。因此[D]正確。

　　第三段最后兩句提到，密斯(狗)的克隆體與它本身存在差異之處。至于貓和牛的情況如何，文中沒有涉及，排除[C]。[A]和[B]在文中也沒有提及。

　　9.從文中我們可以推知_______。

　　[A] 威斯蘇森很快將克隆出一只狗[B] 科學家對克隆人持悲觀態度

　　[C] 人類的生殖系統還沒有被了解[D] 富有的人只對克隆動物感興趣

　　[精解] 答案B本題考查推理。文章一開始就引用專家威斯蘇森的話，指出克隆人是愚蠢的嘗試。第二段最后兩句提到，克隆實驗的低效性和危險性在克隆人中不可接受。文章末尾再次引用該專家的話，指出現在動物的研究還沒成功，沒有必要想到克隆人。由此可見以威斯蘇森為代表的科學家對克隆人是持悲觀態度的。[B]為正確項。

　　第一段最后兩句提到，威斯蘇森和他的團隊可能會在年底成功克隆出密斯，也可能再過五年都不會成功。因此狗的克隆的成功是尚未確定的事情，排除[A]。第一段末句提到，狗的生殖系統是現代科學中神秘的領域。“人的生殖系統”在文中沒有涉及，[C]無從推知。文中只提到一位富人有意克隆他的狗，但沒有指出富人對克隆人不感興趣，排除[D]。

　　10.威斯蘇森先生似乎認為克隆________。

　　[A] 是愚蠢的，應該被放棄[B] 已經接近成功

　　[C] 應該謹慎對待 [D] 現在正處于進退維谷的境地

　　[精解] 答案C本題考查文中人物觀點。注意題干問的是“克隆”，它包括了克隆人和克隆動物兩個方面。第二段末句中，威斯蘇森先生強調了克隆的低效性和危險性;文末他又指出，克隆動物的研究還沒有接近成功時，更別提克隆人。因此，[C]概括了他對于克隆的整體態度。

　　文章第二句出現的a stupid endeavor是威斯蘇森先生對克隆人的看法，不包括克隆動物，因此排除[A]。[B]與文章末句not yet close to getting it worked out相矛盾。從第二段倒數第二句可知，威斯蘇森先生對于克隆動物是默許的，并不認為克隆處于進退維谷的境地，排除[D]。

　　全文翻譯

　　“我還沒有遇到一個值得克隆的人。” 克隆專家馬克威斯蘇森在德克薩斯州農業機械大學空間狹小的實驗室里說。“那是一種愚蠢的嘗試。”有趣的是，這種用來形容克隆人的言辭竟然來自一位已花費數百萬美金試圖克隆一只13歲的名叫密斯的狗的人。到目前為止，他和他的團隊還沒有獲得成功，盡管他們已經克隆出了兩只牛并且正計劃在短期內克隆出一只貓。他們可能會在年底成功克隆出密斯，也可能再過五年都不會成功。人類最親密的朋友——狗的生殖系統似乎是現代科學中一個神秘的領域。

　　威斯蘇森克隆動物的經驗使他對克隆人的種種說法十分惱火。在研究“克隆密斯項目”的三年時間里，農業機械大學的團隊使用了成百上千只犬科動物的卵，卻僅僅獲得了一打左右的帶有密斯基因的胚胎，并且沒有一個在被轉移至克隆母體時存活下來。威斯蘇森教授爭辯道，在研究貓或牛的克隆試驗中，對動物卵的浪費以及許多動物的自然性流產都是可以為人們所接受的，但是對于研究人來說就不行。他表示說，“克隆是十分低效的，而且也相當危險。”

　　盡管如此，克隆狗仍是一個商機，能帶來豐厚的科研報酬。自從1997年多利羊克隆成功后，威斯蘇森教授在農業機械大學獸醫學院的電話就頻頻響起。對于像密斯的神秘主人這樣的消費者來說，高額的花銷并不是什么難題，他只是希望匿名以保護自己的隱私。到目前為止，他已經投入了370萬美金來資助這項研究，因為他想要一個密斯的孿生子在它死后繼承其優良品質。但是這位主人知道，密斯的克隆體不一定能有與它一樣的脾氣秉性。在一份用途聲明中，密斯的主人和農業機械大學的團隊表示，他們“共同期待能研究密斯的克隆體與它本身的差異之處。”

　　用于實驗的狗的命運將由威斯蘇森教授的工作來決定。他知道即使有一只狗能成功懷孕，它的后代，如果能幸存下來，一出生就要面對其他克隆動物所面臨的問題：像肺部和心臟發育不全造成的畸形以及體重問題等等。威斯蘇森教授質問道，“在我們克隆動物的研究還沒有接近成功時，為什么還想到要克隆人呢?”

　　考研英語閱讀理解翻譯歷年真題 2

　　Richard Williams

　　Richard Williams works hard. He’s clever, careful, and fast .His work is dangerous. Richard thinks of himself as a professional—a professional thief.

　　Yesterday was a typical day. Richard dressed in a business suit, took his briefcase (手提箱), and drove to a town about ten miles from his home. He parked his car in a busy area, then began to walk along the street. No one looked at him. He was another businessman walking to work.

　　At 8：05, Richard saw what he wanted. A man was leaving his house. Richard walked around the block again. At 8：10 , he watched a woman leave the same house. After she left, Richard worked quickly. He walked to the side of the house and stood behind a tree. He took a screwdriver (螺絲刀) out of his briefcase and quickly opened the window and climbed in. First, he looked through the desk in the living room. He found $200 in cash (現金). In the dining room, he put the silverware (銀器) into his briefcase. The next stop was the bedroom. Richard stole a diamond ring and an emerald (祖母綠寶石) necklace. Richard passed a color TV, a stereo (音響), and a camera, but he didn’t touch them. Everything had to fit into his briefcase. In less than five minutes, Richand climbed back out the window. He looked around carefully, then began his walk down the street again. No one looked at him. He was just another businessman, walking to work.

　　1. Why did Richard wear a business suit?

　　A. Because he is a professional.

　　B. Because he didn’t want to draw others’ attention to him.

　　C. Because he works hard. D. Because he is a thief.

　　2. Richard ____ , after the man left his house.

　　A. stood behind a tree B. entered the house

　　C. walked around the block again D. opened the window with a screwdriver

　　3. No one saw Richard get into the house because ____ .

　　A. it was night time B. he ran very fast

　　C. he stood behind a tree D. he was very clever

　　4. How long did Richard stay in the house?

　　A. Five minutes. B. One hour. C. Nearly five minutes. D. Fifteen minutes.

　　5. The reason why Richard didn’t take the TV set is that ____ .

　　A. it is too big to carry B. it is too heavy to carry

　　C. it is worth nothing

　　D. it is difficult for him to carry such a thing without being noticed

　　Richard Williams works hard. He’s clever, careful, and fast .His work is dangerous. Richard thinks of himself as a professional—a professional thief.

　　李察威廉姆斯努力工作。他是聰明的，細心的，快速的。他的工作是危險的。李察認為自己作為一個職業小偷professional-a。

　　昨天是一個典型的一天。李察穿上西裝，帶著他的公文包(手提箱)，開車到了離他家十英里的一個小鎮。他把車停在一個繁忙的地區，然后開始在街上散步。沒有人看著他。他是一個商人步行上班。

　　在8時05分，李察看到他想要的東西。一個男人離開他的房子。李察走在街了。在8:10，他看著女人離開房子。她離開后，李察很快地。他走到房子的一邊，站在一棵樹后面。他把螺絲刀(螺絲刀)從公文包里迅速打開窗戶爬了進去。首先，他在客廳的桌子上看。他發現$200現金(現金)。在餐廳里，他把銀器(銀器)放入公文包。下一站是臥室。李察偷了一只鉆石戒指和綠寶石(祖母綠寶石)項鏈。李察通過一個彩色電視，立體聲(音響)，和一個相機，但他沒碰他們。所有的'一切都融入他的公文包。在不到五分鐘，爬出窗口問題。他仔細觀察，然后開始走了。沒有人看著他。他只是一個商人，步行去上班。

　　名人演講：National Address Pardoning Richard M. Nixon

　　Gerald R. Ford

　　Address to the Nation Pardoning Richard M. Nixon

　　delivered on September 8, 1974, Washington D.C.

　　演講者簡介：杰拉爾德·魯道夫·福特 (Gerald Rudolph Ford Jr. ，1913年7月14日~2006年12月26日)美國第37位、第38任總統(1974年8月9日~1977年1月20日)。就職后，福特面對幾乎不能克服的任務。面對通貨膨脹，恢復經濟，解決能量短缺等問題，并且努力保證世界和平。政府干預和花費作為解決美國社會和經濟的問題的方法控制趨勢。歸根結底，他相信，這變化將為全部美國人帶來好生活。1972、1975、1981年福特曾3次訪問中國。

　　[AUTHENTICITY CERTIFIED: Text version below transcribed directly from audio. (2)]

　　Ladies and gentlemen: I have come to a decision which I felt I should tell you and all of my fellow American citizens, as soon as I was certain in my own mind and in my own conscience that it is the right thing to do. I have learned already in this office that the difficult decisions always come to this desk. I must admit that many of them do not look at all the same as the hypothetical questions that I have answered freely and perhaps too fast on previous occasions.

　　My customary policy is to try and get all the facts and to consider the opinions of my countrymen and to take counsel with my most valued friends. But these seldom agree, and in the end, the decision is mine. To procrastinate, to agonize, and to wait for a more favorable turn of events that may never come or more compelling external pressures that may as well be wrong as right, is itself a decision of sorts and a weak and potentially dangerous course for a President to follow.

　　I have promised to uphold the Constitution, to do what is right as God gives me to see the right, and to do the very best that I can for America. I have asked your help and your prayers, not only when I became President but many times since. The Constitution is the supreme law of our land, and it governs our actions as citizens. Only the laws of God, which govern our consciences, are superior to it.

　　As we are a nation under God, so I am sworn to uphold our laws with the help of God. And I have sought such guidance and searched my own conscience with special diligence to determine the right thing for me to do with respect to my predecessor in this place, Richard Nixon, and his loyal wife and family. Theirs is an American tragedy in which we all -- all have played a part. It could go on and on and on, or someone must write the end to it. I have concluded that only I can do that, and if I can, I must.

　　There are no historic or legal precedents to which I can turn in this matter, none that precisely fit the circumstances of a private citizen who has resigned the Presidency of the United States. But it is common knowledge that serious allegations and accusations hang like a sword over our former Presidents head, threatening his health as he tries to reshape his life, a great part of which was spent in the service of this country and by the mandate of its people.

　　After years of bitter controversy and divisive national debate, I have been advised, and I am compelled to conclude that many months and perhaps more years will have to pass before Richard Nixon could obtain a fair trial by jury in any jurisdiction of the United States under governing decisions of the Supreme Court. I deeply believe in equal justice for all Americans, whatever their station or former station. The law, whether human or divine, is no respecter of persons; but the law is a respecter of reality.

　　The facts, as I see them, are that a former President of the United States, instead of enjoying equal treatment with any other citizen accused of violating the law, would be cruelly and excessively penalized either in preserving the presumption of his innocence or in obtaining a speedy determination of his guilt in order to repay a legal debt to society. During this long period of delay and potential litigation, ugly passions would again be aroused. And our people would again be polarized in their opinions. And the credibility of our free institutions of government would again be challenged at home and abroad. In the end, the courts might well hold that Richard Nixon had been denied due process, and the verdict of history would even more be inconclusive with respect to those charges arising out of the period of his Presidency, of which I am presently aware.

　　But it is not the ultimate fate of Richard Nixon that most concerns me, though surely it deeply troubles every decent and every compassionate person. My concern is the immediate future of this great country. In this, I dare not depend upon my personal sympathy as a long-time friend of the former President, nor my professional judgment as a lawyer, and I do not.

　　As President, my primary concern must always be the greatest good of all the people of the United States whose servant I am. As a man, my first consideration is to be true to my own convictions and my own conscience. My conscience tells me clearly and certainly that I cannot prolong the bad dreams that continue to reopen a chapter that is closed. My conscience tells me that only I, as President, have the constitutional power to firmly shut and seal this book. My conscience tells me it is my duty, not merely to proclaim domestic tranquility but to use every means that I have to insure it.

　　I do believe that the buck stops here, that I cannot rely upon public opinion polls to tell me what is right.

　　I do believe that right makes might and that if I am wrong, 10 angels swearing I was right would make no difference.

　　I do believe, with all my heart and mind and spirit, that I, not as President but as a humble servant of God, will receive justice without mercy if I fail to show mercy.

　　Finally, I feel that Richard Nixon and his loved ones have suffered enough and will continue to suffer, no matter what I do, no matter what we, as a great and good nation, can do together to make his goal of peace come true.

　　Now, therefore, I, Gerald R. Ford, President of the United States, pursuant to the pardon power conferred upon me by Article II, Section 2, of the Constitution, have granted and by these presents do grant a full, free, and absolute pardon unto Richard Nixon for all offenses against the United States which he, Richard Nixon, has committed or may have committed or taken part in during the period from July 20, 1969 through August 9, 1974.

　　In witness whereof, I have hereunto set my hand this eighth day of September, in the year of our Lord nineteen hundred and seventy-four, and of the Independence of the United States of America the one hundred and ninety-ninth.

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